# United States Handball Association

In: [Learn](https://handball.theperfectship.com/learn.md) > [History](https://handball.theperfectship.com/history.md) > [Organizations](https://handball.theperfectship.com/history/organizations.md) > United States Handball Association

Also printed as USHA

Tucson, AZ, US.

Games: American four-wall; One-wall (small and big ball); Three-wall; Irish 60x30 (hardball and softball).

## Championships it ran

- [USHA national four-wall handball championships](https://handball.theperfectship.com/history/championships/usha-national-four-wall-championships.md)
- [USHA national one-wall handball championships](https://handball.theperfectship.com/history/championships/usha-national-one-wall-championships.md)
- [USHA national three-wall handball championships](https://handball.theperfectship.com/history/championships/usha-national-three-wall-championships.md)

## Rulebook editions

- Championship Handball plus Official Handball Rules
- [The Official United States Handball Association Handball Rules With Interpretations and One-Wall and Three-Wall Addendum Revised 1991](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-1990-06-20.md)
- [The Official USHA Handball Rules, 1999](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-1999-01-31.md)
- [The Official USHA Handball Rules, 2005](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2005-01-16.md)
- [Schedule 1: These are the rules changes passed by the USHA Board, June 2006](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2006-06.md)
- [Schedule 2: These are the rules changes passed by the USHA Board, May 2007](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2007-05.md)
- [The Official USHA Handball Rules, 2012](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2012.md)
- [The Official USHA Handball Rules, 2014](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2014.md)
- [Official USHA Handball Rulebook With Interpretations, One-Wall and Three-Wall Addendums](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2015-02-06.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2017-01-22.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2019-01-27.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2020-01-26.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2020-09.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2021-01-22.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2021-12.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2022-01-23.md)
- [Four-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2024-01-26.md)
- Four-Wall Rulebook
- [Handball Rules (Abridged for Curriculum)](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-abridged-2010-05.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations 1995](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-1994-10-14.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations 2000](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2000.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations 2000](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2001-03.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2001-10-07.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2002-04-08.md)
- [The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2002-08-20.md)
- [The Official USHA One-Wall Handball Rules, 2005](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2005-04-01.md)
- [Official USHA One-Wall Handball Rules (2005 rules with the June 2006 Board changes incorporated)](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2006-06.md)
- [The Current Official USHA One-Wall Handball Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2008-06.md)
- [Official USHA One-Wall Handball Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2014-01.md)
- [One-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2015-02-06.md)
- [One-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2017-01-22.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2019-01-27.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2020-01-26.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2020-09.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2021-01-22.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2022-01-23.md)
- [One-Wall Rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-2024-01-26.md)
- One-Wall Rulebook
- [Three-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-threewall-2004-12.md)
- [Three-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-threewall-2015-02-06.md)
- [Three-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-threewall-2017-01-22.md)
- [Three-Wall Addendum - Changes from Four-Wall Rules](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-threewall-2025-01-26.md)

## Dated facts

- 21 April 1945: A glass-enclosed handball court at the Town Club of Chicago hosts the A.A.U. nationals from 21 April 1945; the USHA later credits its president Bob Kendler with inventing the glass court Source: [eBay listing 236990513620: seller photographs of a Converse handball handbook (1946) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/236990513620)
- 1950-1951: A group of leading handball players and administrators forms a Players' Fraternity in 1950 under Bob Kendler: the USHA's own texts date its start 1950 or 1951 [Sources disagree] Sources date the start of the USHA to 1950 (a 1972 magazine and a 1998 letter counting 48 years) or to 1951 (the USHA website and its numbering of the 1997 nationals as the 47th), so the date is given as 1950 to 1951. Source: [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B)

  **Date: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - 1950-1951 (preferred, source rank 3): [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B)
  - 1950 (also given, source rank 3): [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B), PDF p. 34
  - 1951 (also given, source rank 3): [US Handball Association, "Four-Wall National Championships" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131162649/http://www.ushandball.org:80/html_pages/nationals.html)
  
  **Detail: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - The USHA's June 1972 rules page says that in 1950 a group of the leading players and administrators got together to form a Players' Fraternity; Bob Kendler pioneered it, determined to give the game its own identity, improve tournament conditions and standardize court sizes and rules (preferred, source rank 3): [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B)
  - The USHA website footer reads '1951 - 2026' and its collegiate history says the first Collegiate Nationals were in 1951; the 1997 four-wall nationals are called the 47th, which also counts from 1951 (also given, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)
  - An Irish Times Gaeilge article of 14 October 2025 says the United States Handball Association was founded in 1951 (paraphrase; the article is research-only) (also given, source rank 5): [The Irish Times, "Traidisiún fada na liathróide láimhe" (Gaeilge section, 14 October 2025)](https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2025/10/14/traidisiun-fada-na-liathroide-laimhe/)

- 1951-1953: The USHA says its first Collegiate National Championships were held at Evanston, Illinois, in 1951, but its champions roll lists a collegiate title only from 1953 [Sources disagree] The USHA's collegiate history page says the first Collegiate Nationals were held in 1951 at Evanston, but its champions page first shows a Collegiates section in the 1953 block, so the date is given as 1951 to 1953. Source: [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)

  **Date: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - 1951-1953 (preferred, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)
  - 1951 (also given, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)
  - 1953 (also given, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
  
  **Detail: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - The USHA collegiate history page says the USHA hosted its first Collegiate National Championships in 1951 in Evanston, Illinois, and that the tournament still runs 70 years later (preferred, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)
  - The USHA champions page first shows a Collegiates section (open singles and doubles, B singles) in the 1953 block (also given, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)

- 1951: Bob Kendler breaks with the A.A.U. in 1951 'to form' the players' fraternity (by a 1972 USHA cover note): the first USHA four-wall (Chicago) and three-wall (Detroit) nationals; Avery Brundage was most instrumental in mediating a lasting agreement Source: [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B), PDF p. 3
- 1951-1959: From 1951 the USHA's national roll carries a three-wall tournament at Detroit every year of the decade beside the travelling four-wall nationals Source: [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- 1954-2004: The USHA's Hall of Fame list opens in 1954 with Al Banuet and Joe Platak and holds 35 player inductions by 2004, but the 1971 magazine places both names in the Helms Hall of Fame [Sources disagree] The USHA's 2004 Hall of Fame list begins its player inductions in 1954, while 1971 magazine items refer to the Helms Hall of Fame and give a 1957 entry for O'Connell; the two lists have not been reconciled. Source: [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)

  **Date: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - 1954-2004 (preferred, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)
  - 1954 (also given, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)
  
  **Detail: sources disagree.** The value from the stronger source (the lower rank number) is preferred.
  - The USHA Hall of Fame page of 2004 lists player inductions from 1954 (Al Banuet and Joe Platak) through 2004 (35 in all: 7 in the 1950s, 5 in the 1960s, 3 in the 1970s, 7 in the 1980s, 8 in the 1990s, 5 in 2000-04), 21 contributors from 1955 and 11 Kendler Award recipients from 1991 (preferred, source rank 4): [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)
  - The USHA magazine of June 1971 says Banuet's name is inscribed with Platak's 'in the highest place in the Helms Hall of Fame, for handball'; the magazine of Dec. 1971 says O'Connell was named to the Helms Hall of Fame in 1957 (also given, source rank 3): [Handball (USHA), June 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_june8284.pdf?la=en&hash=1261267EC6955F8D6C15CAC5B2AE23C6313E0238)

- 1956: Jimmy Jacobs of the Los Angeles A.C. becomes the first player to hold the 'Triple Crown': the A.A.U., USHA and Y.M.C.A. four-wall national titles in the same year, 1956 Source: [eBay listing 286432748460: seller photographs of an A.A.U. handball rules booklet (1960) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/286432748460)
- 1958: The Y.M.C.A., A.A.U., Jewish Welfare Board and USHA adopt common 'Unified' four-wall rules in 1958, with Charles J. O'Connell as chairman of the rules committee Source: [eBay listing 800810243429: seller photographs of "Handball Official Unified Playing Rules" (A.A.U., J.W.B., Y.M.C.A., 1968) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/800810243429)
- 1959: The USHA champions roll lists its first one-wall national championship in 1959, in New York, with the Obert brothers taking the open titles Source: [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- 1960: A Unified Handball Rules Committee of the USHA, Y.M.C.A. and A.A.U. (with the Jewish Welfare Board) agrees to serve 'for the year of 1960', with O'Connell as its chairman Source: [eBay listing 206605328625: seller photographs of the unified handball playing rules (Y.M.C.A., 1960) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/206605328625)
- 1961: At the 1961 USHA nationals and convention in Denver the Association is locked in a 'bitter dialogue' with the A.A.U. for handball supremacy and names a lawyer as its national commissioner Source: [Handball (USHA), February 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_febd6c5.pdf?la=en&hash=7EF67610C721BF2136F4EA75E3651D1254E36FE0), PDF p. 91
- 19 January 1968: A.A.U., Jewish Welfare Board and Y.M.C.A. issue a 1968 revision of the unified rules without the USHA, which 'decided not to participate in publishing' it; its four-wall court is 20 x 40 x 20 ft Source: [eBay listing 800810243429: seller photographs of "Handball Official Unified Playing Rules" (A.A.U., J.W.B., Y.M.C.A., 1968) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/800810243429)
- October 1970: The 1970 world handball championships are held in Dublin, where Pat Kirby takes the world title (the issues do not say in which code) Source: [Handball (USHA), October 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_oct203d.pdf?la=en&hash=3FF63D693EAE6402DDAF1DC9A53C3B6DAB3AAB8E), PDF p. 55
- June 1971: The USHA's magazine Ace is renamed Handball with vol. 21 no. 3 (June 1971), after twenty years under the name chosen in a contest Source: [Handball (USHA), June 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_june8284.pdf?la=en&hash=1261267EC6955F8D6C15CAC5B2AE23C6313E0238)
- 13 August 1971: The president of the Irish Handball Council visits the USHA's Skokie headquarters on 13 August 1971 and talk turns to a common court size Source: [Handball (USHA), October 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_oct203d.pdf?la=en&hash=3FF63D693EAE6402DDAF1DC9A53C3B6DAB3AAB8E), PDF p. 12
- December 1971: The USHA's December 1971 tribute to Charles O'Connell lists his handball diary from a first one-wall court at Brighton Beach in 1909 to the world championship of 1964 Source: [Handball (USHA), December 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_dec24fa.pdf?la=en&hash=ACEEF2D04DD71FFF1E5D5CB043508DFA62593534)
- 1972: The Irish-American Handball Association of the Bronx plans in 1972 to send an American handball team to Ireland in September, a home-and-home series with Irish club players being its own plan; it says Council officials take 'a great interest' Source: [Handball (USHA), August 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_aug70ff.pdf?la=en&hash=C76D0819F2754D5FD03B01481CC3483E7AA732DD), PDF p. 53
- June 1972: The USHA prints 'Official USHA Four-Wall Handball Rules' in its June 1972 magazine, naming the rules chairman and a Seattle drafter of the first official USHA rules Source: [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B)
- 1974: The USHA four-wall nationals roll first lists a 'Pro Singles' champion in 1974 (Knoxville), beside an Open Singles title that returns in 1975 and 1976 and is dropped after Source: [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- 1976: 'Championship Handball by the Experts', edited by John W. Reznik (1976), collects selected articles from Handball magazine Source: [HathiTrust Digital Library, catalog search for "United States Handball Association" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/)
- 1980: The USHA roll first lists women's open titles in four-wall, three-wall and the collegiates in 1980, a year after girls' junior divisions appear Source: [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- 1983-1989: Seven players are inducted into the USHA Hall of Fame between 1983 and 1989, and four contributors Source: [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)
- 1986-1987: The USHA roll relabels the open singles title as Pro Singles for three-wall in 1986 and for one-wall in 1987 Source: [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- 20 June 1990: A USHA four-wall rule text is amended on 20 June 1990; the 1991 book retitles the set 'Revised 1991' Source: [Colorado Handball Association, "The Official United States Handball Association Handball Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 19 May 1998)](https://web.archive.org/web/19980519203944/http://www.cohandball.com:80/official_united_states_handball_.htm)
- 1991: USHA publishes a 'Revised 1991' rule book with one-wall and three-wall addendums and republishes its one-wall rules, changing a foot-fault word from EXTEND to TOUCH Source: [US Handball Association, "4-Wall Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 27 August 2001)](https://web.archive.org/web/20010827024217/http://ushandball.org:80/html/4-wall_rules.html)
- 1993: A 1993 USHA one-wall rule book is found to have lost the rule that games postponed by weather resume with the same score; the USHA says it was deleted by mistake Source: [US Handball Association, "Handball Questions and Answers" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131170759/http://www.ushandball.org:80/handball/QNA.html)
- 1995: The 1995 USHA One-Wall Rules with Interpretations harmonise wording with the four-wall book: EXTEND is restored in the foot-fault rule and the permission to step on a service line is deleted Source: [US Handball Association, "Current Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131180607/http://www.ushandball.org:80/handball/RULES.html)
- 1997: The 47th USHA Four-Wall Nationals are held at the Michigan Athletic Club in 1997, where the pro champions had also won in 1992 Source: [US Handball Association, "Four-Wall National Championships" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131162649/http://www.ushandball.org:80/html_pages/nationals.html)
- 18 February 1998: A USHA past president reports in February 1998 record 1997 income above $1.1 million, up $100,000, and a mortgage on the Tucson building to be paid off after five years Source: [US Handball Association, past-presidents page, a letter dated 18 February 1998 (Wayback snapshot of 13 May 1998)](https://web.archive.org/web/19980513085014/http://ushandball.org:80/html/pastpres.html)

## Sources

- [ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, organization record, EIN 366098726 (seen 28 October 2026)](https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/366098726)
- [ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, search for "handball" (27 October 2026)](https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/)
- [eBay listing 236990513620: seller photographs of a Converse handball handbook (1946) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/236990513620)
- [Handball (USHA), June 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_june1bc3.pdf?la=en&hash=9D26F4A7CBAD5CB11FD9F1F28B8407F5F171D84B)
- [US Handball Association, "National Champions" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/about/national-champions/)
- [US Handball Association, past-presidents page, a letter dated 18 February 1998 (Wayback snapshot of 13 May 1998)](https://web.archive.org/web/19980513085014/http://ushandball.org:80/html/pastpres.html)
- [US Handball Association, "History of Collegiate Nationals" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://www.ushandball.org/history-of-collegiate-nationals/)
- [The Irish Times, "Traidisiún fada na liathróide láimhe" (Gaeilge section, 14 October 2025)](https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2025/10/14/traidisiun-fada-na-liathroide-laimhe/)
- [Handball (USHA), December 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_dec24fa.pdf?la=en&hash=ACEEF2D04DD71FFF1E5D5CB043508DFA62593534)
- [US Handball Association, Hall of Fame page (Wayback snapshot of 3 August 2004)](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803121533/http://ushandball.org:80/Halloffame/index.html)
- [Handball (USHA), June 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_june8284.pdf?la=en&hash=1261267EC6955F8D6C15CAC5B2AE23C6313E0238)
- [eBay listing 286432748460: seller photographs of an A.A.U. handball rules booklet (1960) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/286432748460)
- [eBay listing 800810243429: seller photographs of "Handball Official Unified Playing Rules" (A.A.U., J.W.B., Y.M.C.A., 1968) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/800810243429)
- [eBay listing 178429923015: seller photographs of an A.A.U. handball rules booklet (1962) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/178429923015)
- [eBay listing 206605328625: seller photographs of the unified handball playing rules (Y.M.C.A., 1960) (seen 30 October 2026)](https://www.ebay.com/itm/206605328625)
- [Handball (USHA), February 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_febd6c5.pdf?la=en&hash=7EF67610C721BF2136F4EA75E3651D1254E36FE0), PDF p. 91
- [Handball (USHA), October 1971](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1971/1971_hb_oct203d.pdf?la=en&hash=3FF63D693EAE6402DDAF1DC9A53C3B6DAB3AAB8E), PDF p. 55
- [Handball (USHA), August 1972](https://archive.teamusa.com/-/media/usa_racquetball/documents/magazine/archived-issues/handball-magazine/1972/1972_hb_aug70ff.pdf?la=en&hash=C76D0819F2754D5FD03B01481CC3483E7AA732DD), PDF p. 53
- [HathiTrust Digital Library, catalog search for "United States Handball Association" (seen 28 October 2026)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/)
- [Colorado Handball Association, "The Official United States Handball Association Handball Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 19 May 1998)](https://web.archive.org/web/19980519203944/http://www.cohandball.com:80/official_united_states_handball_.htm)
- [US Handball Association, "4-Wall Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 27 August 2001)](https://web.archive.org/web/20010827024217/http://ushandball.org:80/html/4-wall_rules.html)
- [US Handball Association, "Handball Questions and Answers" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131170759/http://www.ushandball.org:80/handball/QNA.html)
- [US Handball Association, "Current Rules" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131180607/http://www.ushandball.org:80/handball/RULES.html)
- [US Handball Association, "Four-Wall National Championships" (Wayback snapshot of 31 January 1997)](https://web.archive.org/web/19970131162649/http://www.ushandball.org:80/html_pages/nationals.html)

## Corrections

Found a mistake, or a source we missed? Email perfectshipllc@gmail.com with the subject "History correction: United States Handball Association (/history/organizations/usha/)". Please name the page and, if you can, the source.