# Rule changes by concept and year

Which parts of the rules changed, and when, from 1886 to 2026. Each count is the number of clauses of a concept that changed against the previous edition of the same code, for editions dated in that year. Across all codes there are 14,837 such changes. The most fall in 2025 (3,380), 2020 (2,842), 2026 (2,134).

Kinds of change (an automatic comparison; 3,815 automatic and 735 machine-reviewed comparisons, none checked by a person):

- Changed: a number, a must or may, or many of the words differ, so the meaning may differ.
- Reworded: similar text with some words different.
- Punctuation or spelling: only punctuation, capitals, spacing or the spelling of a word differs.
- Moved: the same text under a new number or in a new place.
- Added: a clause with no counterpart in the earlier edition.
- Dropped: a clause of the earlier edition with no counterpart in the later one.

## By concept

- Appeals and finality: 238 changed (changed 34, reworded 27, punctuation or spelling 4, moved 12, added 87, dropped 74). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (19), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1928 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (30), 1994 (11), 1999 (20), 2000 (1), 2005 (21), 2007 (12), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (25), 2022 (2), 2024 (10), 2025 (18), 2026 (38).
- Ball from the wall hits a player: 39 changed (changed 0, reworded 5, punctuation or spelling 3, moved 2, added 19, dropped 10). Years: 1920 (5), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (4), 1931 (2), 1990 (7), 1994 (5), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (5).
- Ball hits an official or spectator: 5 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 2, moved 0, added 1, dropped 2). Years: 1922 (2), 1994 (1), 2000 (1), 2017 (1).
- Ball hits opponent: 188 changed (changed 8, reworded 12, punctuation or spelling 36, moved 14, added 61, dropped 57). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (15), 1903 (22), 1915 (3), 1920 (6), 1922 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2005 (2), 2008 (1), 2020 (43), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (11).
- Ball hits the hitter or his partner: 79 changed (changed 0, reworded 13, punctuation or spelling 16, moved 11, added 18, dropped 21). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (10), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (5), 1994 (4), 2005 (3), 2007 (1), 2020 (16), 2024 (1), 2025 (9), 2026 (9).
- Ball: broken ball: 181 changed (changed 16, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 50, moved 19, added 62, dropped 8). Years: 1990 (8), 1994 (3), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (11), 2006 (3), 2007 (2), 2015 (2), 2017 (1), 2020 (50), 2022 (1), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (36).
- Ball: selection by the referee: 181 changed (changed 6, reworded 16, punctuation or spelling 28, moved 28, added 85, dropped 18). Years: 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (7), 1990 (7), 1994 (3), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (59), 2024 (15), 2025 (67), 2026 (13).
- Ball: specification: 413 changed (changed 25, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 58, moved 46, added 198, dropped 60). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (18), 1903 (33), 1920 (3), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (14), 1990 (20), 1994 (12), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (16), 2007 (7), 2008 (2), 2014 (8), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2020 (76), 2024 (25), 2025 (143), 2026 (14).
- Ball: wet ball: 189 changed (changed 15, reworded 27, punctuation or spelling 37, moved 20, added 66, dropped 24). Years: 1922 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (1), 1990 (17), 1994 (2), 1999 (4), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2018 (2), 2020 (50), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (58).
- Catching or stopping the ball: 121 changed (changed 9, reworded 5, punctuation or spelling 42, moved 4, added 38, dropped 23). Years: 1889 (4), 1893 (2), 1915 (5), 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2015 (4), 2017 (1), 2019 (4), 2020 (5), 2024 (1), 2025 (27), 2026 (44).
- Ceiling and overhead obstructions: 50 changed (changed 2, reworded 14, punctuation or spelling 8, moved 1, added 16, dropped 9). Years: 1915 (3), 1922 (1), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (4), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2015 (25), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2022 (1), 2025 (1).
- Change of serve: 207 changed (changed 3, reworded 41, punctuation or spelling 48, moved 17, added 62, dropped 36). Years: 1889 (8), 1893 (16), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (26), 1994 (17), 1999 (17), 2000 (3), 2005 (20), 2006 (11), 2007 (9), 2020 (18), 2021 (1), 2024 (1), 2025 (10), 2026 (9).
- Conduct and player code: 102 changed (changed 7, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 5, moved 5, added 44, dropped 34). Years: 1903 (1), 1920 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (3), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2002 (2), 2005 (12), 2007 (7), 2012 (1), 2015 (1), 2018 (17), 2020 (4), 2022 (3), 2024 (6), 2026 (38).
- Court: dimensions: 274 changed (changed 14, reworded 17, punctuation or spelling 54, moved 17, added 92, dropped 80). Years: 1920 (4), 1922 (11), 1923 (1), 1927 (4), 1928 (8), 1931 (4), 1990 (9), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (3), 2007 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (71), 2025 (88), 2026 (51).
- Court: line marking: 203 changed (changed 11, reworded 23, punctuation or spelling 55, moved 15, added 89, dropped 10). Years: 1922 (2), 1990 (16), 1994 (9), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (23), 2025 (79), 2026 (49).
- Court: long (back) line: 104 changed (changed 3, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 25, moved 8, added 53, dropped 8). Years: 1922 (10), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1994 (3), 2020 (3), 2025 (59), 2026 (27).
- Court: receiving and playing zones: 83 changed (changed 2, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 25, moved 8, added 42, dropped 0). Years: 1994 (2), 2025 (54), 2026 (27).
- Court: run-off area around the floor: 86 changed (changed 3, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 26, moved 8, added 41, dropped 2). Years: 1922 (2), 1994 (1), 2005 (1), 2014 (1), 2025 (54), 2026 (27).
- Court: service zone: 244 changed (changed 7, reworded 21, punctuation or spelling 60, moved 15, added 94, dropped 47). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (10), 1920 (9), 1922 (4), 1927 (3), 1928 (8), 1931 (6), 1990 (19), 1994 (11), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (23), 2025 (79), 2026 (49).
- Court: short line (minimum serve length): 218 changed (changed 8, reworded 17, punctuation or spelling 54, moved 17, added 89, dropped 33). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (8), 1920 (3), 1922 (4), 1927 (4), 1928 (7), 1931 (4), 1990 (10), 1994 (6), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (25), 2025 (79), 2026 (49).
- Court: towels and wiping: 10 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 10, dropped 0). Years: 2019 (10).
- Court: turns when others are waiting: 1 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 0, dropped 1). Years: 1915 (1).
- Court: wall surface and top: 158 changed (changed 2, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 65, moved 8, added 65, dropped 12). Years: 1922 (5), 1994 (2), 2000 (1), 2020 (5), 2025 (79), 2026 (66).
- Doubles: alternating service and positions: 2 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 0, dropped 2). Years: 1922 (2).
- Doubles: serving order and first hand: 258 changed (changed 11, reworded 30, punctuation or spelling 83, moved 17, added 78, dropped 39). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1931 (4), 1990 (17), 1994 (7), 1999 (4), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (4), 2020 (55), 2024 (21), 2025 (80), 2026 (40).
- Doubles: serving to each receiver in turn: 14 changed (changed 0, reworded 3, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 10, dropped 1). Years: 1920 (2), 1928 (1), 1990 (7), 1994 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1).
- Drugs, alcohol and smoking: 10 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 2, dropped 8). Years: 2018 (6), 2026 (4).
- Equipment: dress and uniform: 132 changed (changed 17, reworded 10, punctuation or spelling 29, moved 3, added 63, dropped 10). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (3), 1928 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (18), 1994 (6), 1999 (18), 2000 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (12), 2024 (7), 2025 (40), 2026 (8).
- Equipment: eye protection: 149 changed (changed 17, reworded 4, punctuation or spelling 24, moved 10, added 52, dropped 42). Years: 1990 (8), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2000 (1), 2005 (13), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (1), 2019 (2), 2020 (45), 2024 (5), 2025 (33), 2026 (22).
- Equipment: gloves: 171 changed (changed 16, reworded 9, punctuation or spelling 4, moved 11, added 69, dropped 62). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (6), 1922 (2), 1928 (5), 1990 (19), 1994 (6), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2007 (4), 2008 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (38), 2024 (1), 2025 (35), 2026 (34).
- First service (toss): 138 changed (changed 21, reworded 17, punctuation or spelling 12, moved 0, added 43, dropped 45). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (10), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (1), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2020 (24), 2024 (2), 2025 (33), 2026 (15).
- Forfeits for no-show, late start and defaults: 240 changed (changed 39, reworded 14, punctuation or spelling 48, moved 63, added 47, dropped 29). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (5), 1990 (23), 1994 (15), 1999 (28), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2006 (2), 2007 (3), 2015 (2), 2017 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (29), 2024 (28), 2025 (55), 2026 (30).
- Game length: 62 changed (changed 3, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 7, moved 0, added 23, dropped 22). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1903 (3), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (8), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (5), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (7), 2024 (1), 2025 (7), 2026 (1).
- Game types: singles, doubles, cutthroat: 90 changed (changed 1, reworded 8, punctuation or spelling 13, moved 5, added 35, dropped 28). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1920 (7), 1923 (4), 1928 (7), 1931 (3), 1990 (13), 1994 (4), 1999 (2), 2000 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (14), 2025 (4), 2026 (3).
- Hinder fault (serving side): 60 changed (changed 0, reworded 4, punctuation or spelling 2, moved 0, added 9, dropped 45). Years: 1994 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2015 (6), 2019 (6), 2020 (37), 2025 (2), 2026 (5).
- Injury time: 297 changed (changed 21, reworded 20, punctuation or spelling 49, moved 56, added 103, dropped 48). Years: 1922 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (9), 1994 (3), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2001 (6), 2002 (1), 2005 (11), 2007 (6), 2008 (2), 2018 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (74), 2021 (3), 2024 (38), 2025 (77), 2026 (42).
- Lines: ball on a line: 22 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 5, moved 0, added 6, dropped 11). Years: 1922 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2020 (7).
- Match format: 59 changed (changed 3, reworded 8, punctuation or spelling 7, moved 0, added 19, dropped 22). Years: 1903 (2), 1920 (2), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (8), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (5), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (12), 2024 (1), 2025 (7), 2026 (1).
- Obstruction: benefit of the doubt: 127 changed (changed 4, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 37, moved 8, added 51, dropped 21). Years: 1920 (3), 1928 (2), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (2), 2008 (1), 2020 (23), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (5).
- Obstruction: blocking the view (covered ball / screen): 165 changed (changed 9, reworded 18, punctuation or spelling 50, moved 4, added 65, dropped 19). Years: 1920 (6), 1923 (3), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (22), 1994 (2), 1999 (20), 2000 (1), 2005 (4), 2007 (3), 2020 (25), 2024 (3), 2025 (43), 2026 (24).
- Obstruction: duty to give way: 180 changed (changed 13, reworded 17, punctuation or spelling 39, moved 11, added 67, dropped 33). Years: 1903 (3), 1915 (3), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1928 (4), 1931 (2), 1990 (16), 1994 (6), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (13), 2007 (5), 2020 (41), 2024 (7), 2025 (40), 2026 (9).
- Obstruction: either doubles partner may claim: 133 changed (changed 9, reworded 13, punctuation or spelling 32, moved 11, added 40, dropped 28). Years: 1920 (4), 1922 (1), 1923 (3), 1928 (2), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (2), 1999 (6), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (41), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (5).
- Obstruction: interference by one's partner: 35 changed (changed 2, reworded 1, punctuation or spelling 14, moved 2, added 11, dropped 5). Years: 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (9), 1994 (2), 1999 (14), 2005 (1), 2007 (1).
- Obstruction: legal block by position: 88 changed (changed 0, reworded 1, punctuation or spelling 6, moved 1, added 18, dropped 62). Years: 1922 (4), 1927 (2), 1931 (2), 1994 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (6), 2019 (6), 2020 (37), 2025 (21), 2026 (5).
- Obstruction: penalised (intentional / avoidable) interference: 335 changed (changed 14, reworded 33, punctuation or spelling 66, moved 6, added 171, dropped 45). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (13), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (4), 1990 (31), 1994 (22), 1999 (12), 2000 (4), 2005 (82), 2007 (24), 2008 (2), 2014 (1), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (31), 2021 (1), 2024 (3), 2025 (49), 2026 (30).
- Obstruction: unintentional interference replayed (dead-ball hinder): 371 changed (changed 46, reworded 40, punctuation or spelling 82, moved 16, added 137, dropped 50). Years: 1893 (7), 1903 (13), 1920 (7), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (3), 1990 (53), 1994 (17), 1999 (62), 2000 (4), 2001 (1), 2005 (31), 2007 (16), 2008 (1), 2015 (22), 2019 (14), 2020 (46), 2021 (5), 2024 (7), 2025 (51), 2026 (5).
- Obstruction: who calls hinders: 178 changed (changed 8, reworded 15, punctuation or spelling 33, moved 11, added 67, dropped 44). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (18), 1994 (5), 1999 (10), 2000 (2), 2001 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (4), 2015 (1), 2020 (32), 2021 (1), 2024 (7), 2025 (50), 2026 (25).
- Officials: line official: 154 changed (changed 13, reworded 16, punctuation or spelling 36, moved 3, added 32, dropped 54). Years: 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (15), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (6), 2005 (13), 2007 (4), 2014 (2), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (41), 2024 (2), 2025 (27), 2026 (13).
- Officials: referee's charge and powers: 354 changed (changed 65, reworded 38, punctuation or spelling 85, moved 48, added 98, dropped 20). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1990 (61), 1994 (23), 1999 (70), 2000 (5), 2005 (26), 2006 (2), 2007 (7), 2008 (1), 2014 (2), 2015 (19), 2017 (2), 2019 (17), 2020 (30), 2022 (8), 2024 (12), 2025 (39), 2026 (22).
- Officials: scorer: 47 changed (changed 4, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 1, moved 2, added 18, dropped 15). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (4), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (3), 2020 (1), 2025 (4).
- Officials: who officiates: 128 changed (changed 9, reworded 22, punctuation or spelling 7, moved 9, added 44, dropped 37). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (20), 1920 (5), 1922 (2), 1927 (3), 1928 (3), 1931 (8), 1990 (17), 1994 (9), 1999 (12), 2000 (4), 2005 (8), 2007 (3), 2020 (14), 2024 (1), 2025 (1), 2026 (3).
- Penalty: disqualification, suspension and bans: 18 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 2, added 3, dropped 13). Years: 2018 (9), 2026 (9).
- Penalty: leaving the court: 148 changed (changed 10, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 25, moved 41, added 28, dropped 37). Years: 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1927 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (7), 1990 (5), 1994 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (26), 2024 (10), 2025 (39), 2026 (45).
- Penalty: point deduction (fine / technical): 188 changed (changed 7, reworded 22, punctuation or spelling 54, moved 10, added 69, dropped 26). Years: 1922 (6), 1990 (20), 1994 (17), 1999 (14), 2000 (4), 2005 (22), 2007 (6), 2008 (2), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2018 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (28), 2021 (2), 2022 (2), 2024 (9), 2025 (25), 2026 (25).
- Penalty: refusing the referee's decision: 126 changed (changed 8, reworded 9, punctuation or spelling 30, moved 39, added 17, dropped 23). Years: 1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (3), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2020 (26), 2024 (10), 2025 (39), 2026 (22).
- Rally: ball landing out: 209 changed (changed 9, reworded 40, punctuation or spelling 46, moved 24, added 59, dropped 31). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (8), 1994 (3), 1999 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (4), 2015 (19), 2019 (1), 2020 (64), 2024 (12), 2025 (43), 2026 (36).
- Rally: failure to return: 294 changed (changed 14, reworded 39, punctuation or spelling 69, moved 25, added 116, dropped 31). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (1), 1920 (10), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (22), 1994 (30), 1999 (4), 2000 (2), 2005 (29), 2006 (3), 2007 (3), 2008 (4), 2015 (18), 2020 (32), 2021 (1), 2022 (3), 2024 (13), 2025 (44), 2026 (36).
- Rally: one touch only: 157 changed (changed 7, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 37, moved 24, added 48, dropped 15). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (5), 1994 (3), 2020 (53), 2024 (13), 2025 (37), 2026 (36).
- Rally: play before the second bounce: 71 changed (changed 0, reworded 1, punctuation or spelling 16, moved 5, added 25, dropped 24). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1920 (7), 1922 (2), 1928 (4), 1931 (3), 1990 (12), 1994 (4), 1999 (10), 2005 (1), 2020 (3).
- Rally: swing and miss, further attempts: 171 changed (changed 12, reworded 32, punctuation or spelling 47, moved 19, added 53, dropped 8). Years: 1922 (1), 1990 (8), 1994 (4), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (3), 2020 (50), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (36).
- Replays and play stoppages: 188 changed (changed 9, reworded 31, punctuation or spelling 52, moved 20, added 66, dropped 10). Years: 1990 (7), 1994 (3), 2000 (2), 2005 (15), 2006 (2), 2007 (2), 2008 (3), 2015 (1), 2020 (50), 2021 (1), 2022 (6), 2024 (12), 2025 (37), 2026 (47).
- Return of serve: on the fly: 45 changed (changed 15, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 11, moved 2, added 6, dropped 5). Years: 1922 (3), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (3), 1999 (8), 2001 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2015 (1), 2020 (6), 2024 (2), 2025 (3), 2026 (9).
- Return: front wall before floor: 73 changed (changed 5, reworded 7, punctuation or spelling 21, moved 2, added 18, dropped 20). Years: 1915 (6), 1920 (4), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (7), 1931 (2), 1990 (12), 1994 (4), 1999 (12), 2005 (1), 2020 (6), 2024 (2), 2025 (3), 2026 (9).
- Scoring: who scores and the unit: 94 changed (changed 3, reworded 16, punctuation or spelling 11, moved 5, added 36, dropped 23). Years: 1886 (2), 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (8), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (10), 1994 (7), 1999 (1), 2000 (1), 2005 (4), 2006 (11), 2007 (2), 2020 (11), 2025 (1).
- Serve hits a player: 252 changed (changed 19, reworded 20, punctuation or spelling 76, moved 18, added 73, dropped 46). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (13), 1920 (5), 1928 (6), 1931 (2), 1990 (12), 1994 (2), 1999 (9), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (2), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (51), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (46).
- Serve: dead-ball serves and court hinders: 280 changed (changed 40, reworded 31, punctuation or spelling 76, moved 16, added 79, dropped 38). Years: 1990 (21), 1994 (6), 1999 (41), 2000 (4), 2005 (6), 2006 (5), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2015 (5), 2017 (2), 2019 (7), 2020 (52), 2021 (2), 2024 (20), 2025 (66), 2026 (39).
- Serve: faults on the rebound (walls, ceiling, out of court): 199 changed (changed 8, reworded 24, punctuation or spelling 68, moved 19, added 54, dropped 26). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1915 (3), 1928 (4), 1931 (6), 1990 (10), 1999 (4), 2020 (48), 2024 (20), 2025 (62), 2026 (39).
- Serve: faults that lose the serve: 323 changed (changed 17, reworded 29, punctuation or spelling 105, moved 25, added 97, dropped 50). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (9), 1922 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (25), 1994 (14), 1999 (20), 2000 (6), 2005 (19), 2007 (7), 2014 (2), 2015 (2), 2020 (59), 2021 (1), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39).
- Serve: foot fault: 292 changed (changed 28, reworded 28, punctuation or spelling 82, moved 19, added 86, dropped 49). Years: 1893 (12), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (10), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (6), 1931 (9), 1990 (13), 1994 (9), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (8), 2007 (3), 2014 (1), 2015 (5), 2017 (1), 2019 (5), 2020 (48), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (42).
- Serve: how it is put in play: 330 changed (changed 25, reworded 45, punctuation or spelling 92, moved 20, added 87, dropped 61). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1915 (5), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (16), 1994 (7), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2006 (1), 2007 (3), 2014 (2), 2015 (5), 2017 (1), 2019 (4), 2020 (70), 2021 (1), 2022 (1), 2024 (22), 2025 (97), 2026 (49).
- Serve: landing outside the side lines: 89 changed (changed 0, reworded 1, punctuation or spelling 42, moved 0, added 28, dropped 18). Years: 1915 (3), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1994 (3), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (7), 2022 (1), 2025 (25), 2026 (39).
- Serve: long: 235 changed (changed 13, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 86, moved 16, added 57, dropped 37). Years: 1922 (2), 1990 (1), 1994 (3), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2015 (29), 2017 (2), 2019 (3), 2020 (65), 2024 (21), 2025 (67), 2026 (39).
- Serve: missed serve: 215 changed (changed 11, reworded 20, punctuation or spelling 75, moved 18, added 55, dropped 36). Years: 1920 (4), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (4), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (55), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39).
- Serve: must hit the front wall first: 244 changed (changed 9, reworded 19, punctuation or spelling 75, moved 20, added 69, dropped 52). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (9), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (5), 1990 (9), 1994 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (55), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39).
- Serve: playing a fault serve: 93 changed (changed 6, reworded 12, punctuation or spelling 23, moved 6, added 18, dropped 28). Years: 1886 (3), 1889 (7), 1893 (9), 1903 (7), 1920 (6), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2015 (29), 2017 (2), 2019 (3), 2020 (7), 2025 (3).
- Serve: positions of the other players: 241 changed (changed 4, reworded 32, punctuation or spelling 59, moved 10, added 91, dropped 45). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1915 (1), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (7), 1931 (3), 1990 (12), 1994 (3), 1999 (10), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2020 (40), 2024 (1), 2025 (80), 2026 (53).
- Serve: receiver's position: 210 changed (changed 19, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 62, moved 17, added 69, dropped 17). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1922 (1), 1927 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (12), 2000 (1), 2005 (3), 2007 (2), 2020 (31), 2024 (2), 2025 (82), 2026 (58).
- Serve: screening / moving on the serve: 277 changed (changed 11, reworded 26, punctuation or spelling 83, moved 26, added 86, dropped 45). Years: 1922 (1), 1990 (9), 1994 (5), 1999 (13), 2000 (5), 2005 (17), 2007 (1), 2015 (10), 2017 (1), 2019 (10), 2020 (51), 2021 (1), 2024 (28), 2025 (72), 2026 (53).
- Serve: server's position: 139 changed (changed 22, reworded 18, punctuation or spelling 15, moved 0, added 40, dropped 44). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (10), 1920 (9), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (4), 1990 (7), 1994 (5), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (20), 2024 (2), 2025 (33), 2026 (10).
- Serve: short: 266 changed (changed 9, reworded 20, punctuation or spelling 82, moved 21, added 71, dropped 63). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (4), 1893 (15), 1903 (11), 1915 (3), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (7), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (59), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39).
- Striking: hand only: 195 changed (changed 9, reworded 31, punctuation or spelling 41, moved 24, added 60, dropped 30). Years: 1886 (1), 1889 (7), 1893 (9), 1903 (7), 1915 (6), 1920 (4), 1922 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (4), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (53), 2024 (11), 2025 (38), 2026 (36).
- Striking: one hand at a time: 152 changed (changed 9, reworded 24, punctuation or spelling 37, moved 19, added 46, dropped 17). Years: 1893 (1), 1903 (1), 1915 (6), 1920 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (1), 2020 (53), 2024 (13), 2025 (37), 2026 (36).
- Talking during the rally: 120 changed (changed 3, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 37, moved 0, added 74, dropped 6). Years: 2005 (18), 2007 (8), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (11), 2024 (3), 2025 (43), 2026 (34).
- Time between games: 177 changed (changed 11, reworded 21, punctuation or spelling 22, moved 48, added 36, dropped 39). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (7), 1990 (6), 1994 (6), 1999 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (27), 2024 (42), 2025 (54), 2026 (19).
- Time between rallies and service delay: 299 changed (changed 22, reworded 51, punctuation or spelling 76, moved 21, added 85, dropped 44). Years: 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1903 (3), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1923 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (13), 1994 (7), 1999 (6), 2000 (3), 2005 (7), 2007 (5), 2015 (1), 2020 (54), 2024 (22), 2025 (97), 2026 (60).
- Timeouts and postponement: 178 changed (changed 16, reworded 24, punctuation or spelling 10, moved 26, added 51, dropped 51). Years: 1990 (10), 1994 (3), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2007 (9), 2015 (1), 2018 (2), 2019 (1), 2020 (30), 2022 (2), 2024 (29), 2025 (43), 2026 (27).
- Tournament administration: 732 changed (changed 30, reworded 61, punctuation or spelling 70, moved 47, added 187, dropped 337). Years: 1931 (4), 1990 (43), 1994 (27), 1999 (32), 2000 (1), 2002 (1), 2005 (14), 2007 (5), 2014 (1), 2020 (313), 2021 (9), 2022 (13), 2024 (235), 2025 (22), 2026 (12).
- Tournament draw: 23 changed (changed 1, reworded 6, punctuation or spelling 3, moved 0, added 9, dropped 4). Years: 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (3), 1994 (5), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1).
- Tournament officials: 120 changed (changed 9, reworded 19, punctuation or spelling 5, moved 6, added 66, dropped 15). Years: 1990 (17), 1994 (10), 1999 (12), 2000 (3), 2005 (27), 2007 (13), 2020 (16), 2022 (8), 2024 (1), 2025 (2), 2026 (11).
- Win by two at 20-all: 1 changed (changed 0, reworded 0, punctuation or spelling 0, moved 0, added 0, dropped 1). Years: 1922 (1).

## By code

- International four-wall (40x20): 241 changed. Years: 2024 (41), 2025 (100), 2026 (100).
- American four-wall: 3443 changed. Years: 1886 (13), 1889 (86), 1893 (307), 1903 (332), 1915 (72), 1920 (250), 1923 (26), 1928 (177), 1931 (113), 1990 (973), 1999 (745), 2005 (208), 2006 (10), 2007 (2), 2012 (1), 2014 (4), 2015 (23), 2017 (8), 2019 (11), 2020 (34), 2021 (13), 2022 (22), 2024 (9), 2025 (4).
- Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game): 393 changed. Years: 2020 (248), 2024 (6), 2025 (80), 2026 (59).
- Irish handball, softball (60x30): 7807 changed. Years: 2020 (2521), 2024 (867), 2025 (2767), 2026 (1652).
- American one-wall, big ball (wallball): 339 changed. Years: 2018 (38), 2026 (301).
- Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA): 406 changed. Years: 2025 (384), 2026 (22).
- American one-wall, small ball: 1826 changed. Years: 1922 (178), 1927 (53), 1931 (100), 1994 (528), 2000 (96), 2001 (9), 2002 (4), 2005 (423), 2006 (30), 2008 (23), 2014 (34), 2015 (111), 2017 (13), 2019 (114), 2020 (39), 2021 (16), 2022 (29), 2024 (11), 2025 (15).
- American three-wall: 382 changed. Years: 2005 (3), 2007 (235), 2015 (112), 2017 (2), 2025 (30).