# Rule 23 (A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1923, historical)

> **Historical rulebook: not the current rules.** The current rules are here: https://handball.theperfectship.com/rules/four-wall/

It is the duty of the side that has played the ball to keep out of the way of the side that is playing and under no circumstances shall a player be forced to run around an adversary in order to reach the ball. Hinders when claimed should generally be allowed unless clearly in the opinion of the referee there was no hinder.

## Mentioned here

- [Player](https://handball.theperfectship.com/player.md)
- [Referee](https://handball.theperfectship.com/match-referee.md)
- [Hinder](https://handball.theperfectship.com/hinder.md)
- [Appeal](https://handball.theperfectship.com/appeal.md)
- [Ball](https://handball.theperfectship.com/ball.md)

How this rule changed: [wording in every rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/code-fourwall-american/23.md)

## Relationships

- Player relates to Referee: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Hinder: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Ball: mentioned together in 11 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Hinder: mentioned together in 4 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Ball: mentioned together in 5 sub-rules.
- Hinder relates to Ball: mentioned together in 5 sub-rules.
- No link to the other terms shown: Appeal.
- 4 weaker links (terms mentioned together in few sub-rules) are not drawn.

Rulebook: [A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1923](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/aau-fourwall-1923.md)

Source: Spalding's Official Handball Guide, 1923, ed. Robert L. Ripley (Library of Congress, LCCN 23002979), pp. 69-72; also printed in the Official Handbook of the A.A.U., 1923, section LXI. Public domain.