# Rule 28 Rule 28: how the wording changed (American four-wall)

2 rulebooks state this rule, from 1928 to 1931. No rewording or change was found.

## How to read this

- Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -].
- Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed.
- A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either.

## Rulebook by rulebook

| Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1928 | A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1928 | 2 first recorded |
| 1931 | A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931 | 1 unchanged, 1 moved |

## The wording

### Rule 28, part 1 of 2

Begins: “A player leaving the court without consent of the…”

- **1928, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > A player leaving the court without consent of the referee shall forfeit the match.

- **1931, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1928.

  Same words as the rulebook compared with.

### Rule 28, part 2 of 2

Begins: “There shall be a ten-minute rest between the second…”

- **1928, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > There shall be a ten-minute rest between the second and third games of a match.

- 1931, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).