# Rule 4.3 Defective Serves: how the wording changed (American four-wall) 50 rulebooks state this rule, from 1928 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 11 times. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 1928 | A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1928 | 1 first recorded | | 1931 | A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931 | 1 first recorded, 1 moved | | 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 3 first recorded, 2 reworded | | 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 2 first recorded | | 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 4 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 4 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 1 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 2 unchanged | | 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 2 unchanged | | 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 2 unchanged | | 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 2 unchanged | | 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 4 unchanged, 1 changed | | 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 3 first recorded, 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded | | 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 4 first recorded, 4 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 9 unchanged | | June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 5 unchanged | | June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 5 unchanged | | May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 9 unchanged | | 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 4 first recorded, 3 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 changed | | June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 5 unchanged | | 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 4 unchanged, 5 punctuation only | | 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 1 first recorded, 9 unchanged | | January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 1 first recorded, 5 unchanged | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 9 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 6 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 reworded | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 4 first recorded, 1 unchanged, 5 punctuation only | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 10 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 9 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 10 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 1 first recorded, 10 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 3 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 reworded | | 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 11 unchanged | | 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 6 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 10 unchanged, 1 changed | | 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 5 unchanged | | 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 5 unchanged | | 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 11 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 11 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 5 unchanged | | 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 11 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 11 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 4 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 11 unchanged | | 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 11 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 11 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 11 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 10 unchanged, 1 changed | ## The wording ### Rule 4.3, part 1 of 11 Begins: “However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side…” - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- However, if -] [+ If +] the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: First recorded (automatic). > However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- If -] [+ However, if +] the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called. 2 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 ### Rule 4.3, part 2 of 11 Begins: “It is also important that the referee attempt to…” - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: First recorded (automatic). > It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 ### Rule 4.3, part 3 of 11 Begins: “The best answer to this dilemma is: When in…” - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a hinder serve. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: First recorded (automatic). > The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 ### Rule 4.3, part 4 of 11 Begins: “The receiver should be given the benefit of any…” - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: First recorded (automatic). > The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 ### Rule 4.3, part 5 of 11 Begins: “3.) Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3.) Three-wall serve. > Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 3.) Three-wall serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 3.) Three-wall serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor. no words changed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor. 1 word added, 1 removed. 15 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 6 of 11 Begins: “3) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the…” - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the wrong score has been announced by the referee before the serve has become a legal serve the score shall be corrected and the serve shall be replayed. Any prior rallies shall not be affected. 11 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 4.3, item 4 Begins: “4.) Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4.) Ceiling serve. > Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling before hitting the floor. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 4.) Ceiling serve. [- > -] Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the [- ceiling before hitting the floor. -] [+ ceiling. +] 1 word added, 5 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 4.) Ceiling serve. [- > -] Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the [- ceiling before hitting the floor. -] [+ ceiling. +] 1 word added, 5 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling. 1 word added, 1 removed. 15 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item 5 Begins: “A served ball which rebounds from the front wall…” - **1928, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A served ball which rebounds from the front wall and touches the back wall or ceiling before touching the floor is termed a "short" ball. - **1931, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1928. > A served ball which rebounds from the front wall and touches the back wall or ceiling before touching the floor is termed a [- "short" -] [+ short +] ball. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931. > [- A served ball which rebounds from -] [+ 5.) Long serve. > Any serve that first hits +] the front wall and [- touches -] [+ rebounds to +] the back wall [- or ceiling -] before touching the [- floor is termed a short ball. -] [+ floor. +] 11 words added, 15 removed. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, receiver(s) must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. Referee will award a point for failure to return. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 5.) Long serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 5.) Long serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor. no words changed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > 3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, [- receiver(s) -] [+ receiver (S) +] must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. Referee will award a point for failure to return. 2 words added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 5.) Long [- serve. -] [+ Serve. +] Any [- serve -] [+ served ball +] that first hits the front wall and rebounds [- to -] [+ past +] the [- back wall -] [+ outer edge of the long line +] before touching the floor. [+ During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return. +] 33 words added, 5 removed. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > 3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, [- receiver (S) -] [+ receiver(s) +] must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. [- Referee will -] [+ The referee shall +] award a point for failure to return. 4 words added, 4 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 5.) Long [- serve. -] [+ Serve. +] Any [- serve -] [+ served ball +] that first hits the front wall and rebounds [- to -] [+ past +] the [- back wall -] [+ outer edge of the long line +] before touching the floor. [+ During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return. +] 33 words added, 5 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Long serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Long Serve. Any served ball that first hits the front wall and rebounds past the outer edge of the long line before touching the floor. During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return. 1 word added, 1 removed. 24 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item 6 Begins: “A served ball which rebounds from the front wall…” - **1931, A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A served ball which rebounds from the front wall over the back wall and out of the court without touching the floor shall be termed a short ball. - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931. > [- A served ball which rebounds from -] [+ 6.) Out-of-court serve. > Any serve that first strikes +] the front wall [- over the back wall -] and [+ then rebounds +] out of the court without touching the [- floor shall be termed a short ball. -] [+ floor. +] 11 words added, 17 removed. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Out-of-court serve. [- > -] Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Out-of-court serve. [- > -] Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor. no words changed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Out-of-court serve. Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Out-of-court serve. Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor. 1 word added, 1 removed. 15 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item 8 Begins: “8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1 D). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop (See Rule 4.1D). 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 5) -] [+ 5.) +] Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single [- drop (See -] [+ drop. ( See +] Rule [- 4.1D). -] [+ 4.1 D). +] 6 words added, 4 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule [- 4.1 -] [+ 4.1. +] D). 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule [- 4.1 -] [+ 4.1. +] D). 1 word added, 1 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 8.) -] [+ 8) +] Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1. D). 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule 4.1 D). 2 words added, 3 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 8.) -] [+ 8) +] Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule [- 4.1 -] [+ 4.1. +] D). 2 words added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 5) -] [+ 5.) +] Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule 4.1 D). 3 words added, 2 removed. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. > 8) [- Not hitting ball -] [+ Bounces. Any serve that is struck +] on [- first bounce from -] [+ less than, or more than, +] a single [- drop. -] [+ bounce in the service zone. +] (See Rule 4.1. D). 16 words added, 7 removed. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > 8) [- Not hitting ball -] [+ Bounces. Any serve that is struck +] on [- first bounce from -] [+ less than, or more than, +] a single [- drop. -] [+ bounce in the service zone. +] (See Rule 4.1. D). 16 words added, 7 removed. ### Rule 4.3, item 10 Begins: “10) Not coming to a complete stop in the…” - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D.). - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D). - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > 10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the [- serve. -] [+ serve +] (See Rule [- 4.1.D.). -] [+ 4.1D). +] 2 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > 10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the [- serve. -] [+ serve +] (See Rule [- 4.1.D). -] [+ 4.1D). +] 2 words added, 2 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > 10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the [- serve -] [+ serve. +] (See Rule [- 4.1D). -] [+ 4.1.D). +] 2 words added, 2 removed. 10 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. > [- 10) -] [+ 10.) +] Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D). 1 word added, 1 removed. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).