# Rule 23 Rule 23: how the wording changed (American one-wall, small ball)

3 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 November 1922 to 1931. The wording was reworded or changed 1 time.

## How to read this

- Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -].
- Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed.
- A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either.

## Rulebook by rulebook

| Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 20 November 1922 | A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 1922 | 1 first recorded |
| 20 November 1927 | A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 1927 | 1 first recorded, 1 reworded |
| 1931 | A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 1931 | 1 unchanged, 1 punctuation only |

## The wording

### Rule 23, part 1 of 2

Begins: “A player being interfered with in playing the ball…”

- **20 November 1922, A.A.U. One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > A player being interfered with in playing the ball by an opponent may claim a hinder, unless his opponent after having played the ball shall have stood still, in which case no hinder shall be allowed.

- **20 November 1927, A.A.U. One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 1922.

  > A player being interfered with [+ by an opponent +] in playing the ball [- by an opponent -] may claim a hinder, unless his opponent after having played the ball shall have stood still, in which case no hinder shall be allowed.
  
  3 words added, 3 removed.

- **1931, A.A.U. One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 1927.

  > A player being interfered with by an opponent in playing the ball may claim a [- hinder, -] [+ hinder +] unless his [- opponent -] [+ opponent, +] after having played the [- ball -] [+ ball, +] shall have stood still, in which case no hinder shall be allowed.
  
  3 words added, 3 removed.

### Rule 23, part 2 of 2

Begins: “The decision of the referee shall govern.”

- **20 November 1927, A.A.U. One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > The decision of the referee shall govern.

- 1931, A.A.U. One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).