# Rule 3.7 Appeals: how the wording changed (American one-wall, small ball) 48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 19 times. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 2 first recorded | | 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 2 first recorded | | 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 2 unchanged | | 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 2 unchanged | | 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 2 unchanged | | 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 2 unchanged | | 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 2 unchanged | | 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 2 unchanged | | 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 2 changed | | 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 1 reworded, 1 changed | | June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 2 unchanged | | June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 2 unchanged | | June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 2 unchanged | | May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 2 unchanged | | 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 1 reworded, 1 changed | | June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 2 unchanged | | 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 2 unchanged | | 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 2 unchanged | | January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 2 unchanged | | 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 1 first recorded, 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 1 reworded, 1 changed | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 2 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 3 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 2 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 2 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 2 unchanged | | 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 2 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 1 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 1 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 2 unchanged | | 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 2 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 2 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 2 unchanged | | 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 2 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 2 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 1 first recorded, 2 unchanged | | 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 2 unchanged | | 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 2 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 1 unchanged, 1 changed | | 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 2 unchanged, 1 changed | | 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 2 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 2 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 3 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 1 unchanged, 1 reworded | ## The wording ### Rule 3.7, part 1 of 4 Begins: “A. Appealable calls. The server may appeal a short…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Appealable calls. > The server may appeal a short or other service fault. > He may also appeal receiving line violations. > If his appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. > If he had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and he would be awarded two serves, because he was judged to have made a legal serve. > If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. > If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. > After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. > The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the linesmen's opinions. > If both linesmen disagree with the referee's call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. > After the rally has ended, the receiver may appeal faults and skip serves not called. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Appealable calls. The server may appeal a short or other service fault. He may also appeal receiving line violations. If his appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If he had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and he would have no faults, because he was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a handout. After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, kill shots called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a handout, or a replay. > After the rally has ended, either player may appeal faults and skip serves not called. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Appealable calls. [- > -] The server may appeal a short or other service fault. [- > -] He may also appeal receiving line violations. [- > -] If his appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. [- > -] If he had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and he would be awarded two serves, because he was judged to have made a legal serve. [- > -] If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. [- > -] If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. > After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. > The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the linesmen's opinions. > If both linesmen disagree with the referee's call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. > After the rally has ended, [- the receiver -] [+ either player +] may appeal faults and skip serves not called. 2 words added, 2 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Appealable calls. [- > -] The server may appeal a short or other service fault. [- > -] He may also appeal receiving line violations. [- > -] If his appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. [- > -] If he had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and he would be awarded two serves, because he was judged to have made a legal serve. [- > -] If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. [- > -] If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. > After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. > The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the linesmen's opinions. > If both linesmen disagree with the referee's call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. > After the rally has ended, [- the receiver -] [+ either player +] may appeal faults and skip serves not called. 2 words added, 2 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > A. Appealable calls. [- The server -] [+ Any player +] may appeal a short or other service fault. [- He -] [+ Any player +] may also appeal receiving line violations. If [- his -] [+ the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the +] appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If [- he -] [+ the server +] had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and [- he -] [+ the server +] would [- have no faults, -] [+ be awarded two serves, +] because [- he -] [+ he/she +] was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a [- handout. -] [+ side out. If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. +] After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, kill shots called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a [- handout, -] [+ side out, +] or a replay. [- > -] After the rally has ended, either player may [+ also +] appeal [- faults -] [+ faults, restraining line violations, +] and skip serves not called. [+ If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. At no time may a player appeal a hinder serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. +] 94 words added, 13 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > A. Appealable calls. [- The server -] [+ Any player +] may appeal a short or other service fault. [- He -] [+ Any player +] may also appeal receiving line violations. If [- his -] [+ the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the +] appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If [- he -] [+ the server +] had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and [- he -] [+ the server +] would be awarded two serves, because [- he -] [+ he/she +] was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. [- > -] [+ If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. +] After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. [- > -] The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the [- linesmen's -] [+ line judges’ +] opinions. [- > -] If both [- linesmen -] [+ line judges +] disagree with the referee's call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. [- > -] After the rally has ended, either player may [+ also +] appeal [- faults -] [+ faults, restraining line violations, +] and skip serves not called. [+ If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. At no time may a player appeal a screen serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. +] 90 words added, 10 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > A. Appealable calls. [- The server -] [+ Any player +] may appeal a short or other service fault. [- He -] [+ Any player +] may also appeal receiving line violations. If [- his -] [+ the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the +] appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If [- he -] [+ the server +] had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and [- he -] [+ the server +] would be awarded two serves, because [- he -] [+ he/she +] was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. [- > -] [+ If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. +] After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. [- > -] The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the [- linesmen's -] [+ line judges’ +] opinions. [- > -] If both [- linesmen -] [+ line judges +] disagree with the referee's call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. [- > -] After the rally has ended, either player may [+ also +] appeal [- faults -] [+ faults, restraining line violations, +] and skip serves not called. [+ If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. At no time may a player appeal a screen serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. +] 90 words added, 10 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > A. Appealable calls. Any player may appeal a short or other service fault. Any player may also appeal receiving line violations. If the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If the server had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and the server would be awarded two serves, because he/she was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the line judges’ opinions. If both line judges disagree with the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. After the rally has ended, either player may also appeal faults, restraining line violations, and skip serves not called. If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. At no time may a player appeal a screen serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. 1 word added, 1 removed. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. > A. Appealable calls. Any player may appeal a short or other service fault. Any player may also appeal receiving line violations. If the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If the server had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and the server would be awarded two serves, because he/she was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, kill shots called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay. After the rally has ended, either player may also appeal faults, restraining line violations, and skip serves not called. If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. [+ In all one-wall matches, appeals are limited to three unsuccessful appeals per player/side per 21-point game and two unsuccessful appeals for shorter games. +] At no time may a player appeal a hinder serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. 23 words added. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > A. Appealable calls. Any player may appeal a short or other service fault. Any player may also appeal receiving line violations. If the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If the server had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and the server would be awarded two serves, because he/she was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, [- kill shots -] [+ killshots +] called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a [- replay. -] [+ replay depending on the line judges’ opinions. If both line judges disagree with the referee’s call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. +] After the rally has ended, either player may also appeal faults, restraining line violations, and skip serves not called. If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. [- In all one-wall matches, appeals are limited to three unsuccessful appeals per player/side per 21-point game and two unsuccessful appeals for shorter games. -] At no time may a player appeal a [- hinder -] [+ screen +] serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. 26 words added, 27 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > A. Appealable calls. [- The server -] [+ Any player +] may appeal a short or other service fault. [- He -] [+ Any player +] may also appeal receiving line violations. If [- his -] [+ the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the +] appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If [- he -] [+ the server +] had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and [- he -] [+ the server +] would be awarded two serves, because [- he -] [+ he/she +] was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. [- > -] [+ If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. +] After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, killshots called no good and court hinders. [- > -] The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a replay depending on the [- linesmen's -] [+ line judges’ +] opinions. [- > -] If both [- linesmen -] [+ line judges +] disagree with the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. [- > -] After the rally has ended, either player may [+ also +] appeal [- faults -] [+ faults, restraining line violations, +] and skip serves not called. [+ If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. At no time may a player appeal a screen serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. +] 91 words added, 11 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > A. Appealable calls. Any player may appeal a short or other service fault. Any player may also appeal receiving line violations. If the server appeals a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded the serve over. If the server had one short, the call would cancel the previous fault call, and the server would be awarded two serves, because he/she was judged to have made a legal serve. If, in the opinion of the referee, the ball could not have been returned, a point shall be awarded the server. If the appeal is not upheld, the call would be two shorts, a side out. If, on the first serve, the server appeals a non-call of a short or other service fault, and the appeal is upheld, the server is awarded a second serve. After the rally has ended, either player may appeal on a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good, [- killshots -] [+ kill shots +] called no good and court hinders. The outcome may result in a point being awarded, a side out, or a [- replay depending on the line judges’ opinions. If both line judges disagree with the referee’s call or non-call, the call is reversed or replayed. -] [+ replay. +] After the rally has ended, either player may also appeal faults, restraining line violations, and skip serves not called. If the appeal is upheld, the player is awarded the appropriate call. [+ In all one-wall matches, appeals are limited to three unsuccessful appeals per player/side per 21-point game and two unsuccessful appeals for shorter games. +] At no time may a player appeal a [- screen -] [+ hinder +] serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls. 27 words added, 26 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 3.7, part 2 of 4 Begins: “A. Number of Appeals. In all one-wall matches, appeals…” - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Number of Appeals. In all one-wall matches, appeals are limited to three unsuccessful (referee’s initial call stands), appeals per player/side per game for the first two games and two unsuccessful appeals per player/side for the tiebreaker. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 3.7, item B Begins: “B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. How to appeal. > A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. > The referee will then request the opinion of the linesmen. > The referee may also appeal to the linesmen himself if he is uncertain of his own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify his own call. > A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. The referee may then request the opinion of the linesmen. The referee may also appeal to the linesmen himself if he is uncertain of his own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. How to appeal. [- > -] A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. [- > -] The referee will then request the opinion of the linesmen. > The referee may also appeal to the linesmen himself if he is uncertain of his own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify his own call. > A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. How to appeal. [- > -] A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. [- > -] The referee will then request the opinion of the linesmen. > The referee may also appeal to the linesmen himself if he is uncertain of his own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify his own call. > A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. no words changed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. The referee [- may -] [+ will +] then request the opinion of the [- linesmen. -] [+ line judges. +] The referee may also appeal to the [- linesmen himself -] [+ line judges +] if [- he -] [+ he/she +] is uncertain of [- his -] [+ his/her +] own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the [- call. -] [+ call in question. +] A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 10 words added, 7 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. The referee will then request the opinion of the [- linesmen. > -] [+ line judges. +] The referee may also appeal to the [- linesmen himself -] [+ line judges +] if [- he -] [+ he/she +] is uncertain of [- his -] [+ his/her +] own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify [- his own call. > -] [+ the call in question. +] A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 10 words added, 8 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. The referee will then request the opinion of the [- linesmen. > -] [+ line judges. +] The referee may also appeal to the [- linesmen himself -] [+ line judges +] if [- he -] [+ he/she +] is uncertain of [- his -] [+ his/her +] own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify [- his own call. > -] [+ the call in question. +] A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 10 words added, 8 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score. The referee will then request the opinion of the [- linesmen. > -] [+ line judges. +] The referee may also appeal to the [- linesmen himself -] [+ line judges +] if [- he -] [+ he/she +] is uncertain of [- his -] [+ his/her +] own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify [- his own call. > -] [+ the call in question. +] A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 10 words added, 8 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the [- score. -] [+ score before the next rally. +] The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 5 words added, 1 removed. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the [- score. -] [+ score before the next rally. T +] The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 6 words added, 1 removed. 9 more rulebooks with the same words: - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the [- score -] [+ score, called “second serve” at the appropriate time after a fault serve, or called “first/second serve, one screen” at the appropriate time after a screen serve, +] before the next rally. The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 26 words added, 1 removed. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the [- score -] [+ score, called “second serve” at the appropriate time after a fault serve, or called “first/second serve, one screen” at the appropriate time after a screen serve, +] before the next rally. [- T -] The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 26 words added, 2 removed. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score, called “second serve” at the appropriate time after a fault serve, or called “first/second serve, one [- screen” -] [+ serve” +] at the appropriate time after a [- screen -] [+ hinder +] serve, before the next rally. The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 2 words added, 2 removed. - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the score, [+ > +] called “second serve” at the appropriate time after a fault serve, or called “first/second serve, one serve” at the appropriate time after a hinder serve, [+ > +] before the next rally. [+ > +] The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. [+ > +] The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. [+ > +] A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. no words changed. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > B. How to appeal. A player must make appeals directly to the referee before the referee announces the [- score. -] [+ score, called “second serve” at the appropriate time after a fault serve, or called “first/second serve, one screen” at the appropriate time after a screen serve, before the next rally. +] The referee will then request the opinion of the line judges. The referee may also appeal to the line judges if he/she is uncertain of his/her own call, and may then maintain, reverse or nullify the call in question. A replay shall be called if the referee believes it is necessary in the interest of fairness. 30 words added, 1 removed. ### Rule 3.7, item C Begins: “C. Number of Appeals. In all one-wall matches, appeals…” - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Number of Appeals. In all one-wall matches, appeals are limited to three unsuccessful (referee’s initial call stands), appeals per player/side per game for the first two games and two unsuccessful appeals per player/side for the tiebreaker. This limitation applies only to those appeals requested by a player/side, and once the unsuccessful limit is reached further requested appeals shall not be granted. All appeals imposed by rule shall not be affected and shall remain unlimited (see Rule 4.7.A.3 and Rule 4.8.F.1 Interpretation No. 19). 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).