# Rule 4.1 Serve: how the wording changed (American one-wall, small ball) 48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 41 times. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 5 first recorded | | 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 5 first recorded | | 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 2 reworded, 3 changed | | 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 2 reworded, 3 changed | | 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 3 changed | | 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 5 unchanged | | 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 5 unchanged | | 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 5 unchanged | | 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 5 unchanged | | 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 5 unchanged | | 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 1 punctuation only, 2 reworded, 2 changed | | 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 1 unchanged, 2 reworded, 2 changed | | June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 5 unchanged | | June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 5 unchanged | | June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 4 unchanged, 1 reworded | | May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 5 unchanged | | 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 1 unchanged, 3 reworded, 1 changed | | June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 5 unchanged | | 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 4 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 5 unchanged | | January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 5 unchanged | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 4 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 2 unchanged, 2 reworded, 1 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 1 unchanged, 3 reworded, 1 changed | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 5 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 5 unchanged | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 5 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 5 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 2 unchanged, 2 reworded, 1 changed | | 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 5 unchanged | | 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 4 unchanged, 1 changed | | 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 4 unchanged, 1 changed | | 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 5 unchanged | | 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 5 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 5 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 5 unchanged | | 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 5 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 5 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 5 unchanged | | 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 5 unchanged | | 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 5 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 4 unchanged, 1 changed | ## The wording ### Rule 4.1, item A Begins: “A. Order. The player or side winning the toss…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Order. > The player or side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve or receive in the first game. > The other player or side shall choose for the second game. > If a tie breaker is necessary, the player or team scoring the higher total of points in the first two games shall choose. > If both players or teams score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player or team has the choice. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Order. The player or side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve or receive in the first game. The other player or side shall choose for the second game. If a tie breaker is necessary, the player or team scoring the higher total of points in the first two games shall choose. If both players or teams score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player or team has the choice. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Order. [- > The -] [+ In singles, the +] player [- or side -] winning the toss of a coin [- chooses to serve or receive -] [+ serves first +] in the first game. [- > -] The other player [- or side shall choose for -] [+ serves first in +] the second game. [- > -] If a [- tie breaker -] [+ tiebreaker +] is necessary, the player [- or team scoring -] [+ who scored +] the higher total of points in the first two games [- shall choose. > -] [+ serves first. +] If both players [- or teams -] score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player [+ serves first. > In doubles, the side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve +] or [- team has -] [+ receive in +] the [- choice. -] [+ first game. > The other side shall choose for the second game. +] 41 words added, 25 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Order. [- > The -] [+ In singles, the +] player [- or side -] winning the toss of a coin [- chooses to serve or receive -] [+ serves first +] in the first game. [- > -] The other player [- or side shall choose for -] [+ serves first in +] the second game. [- > -] If a [- tie breaker -] [+ tiebreaker +] is necessary, the player [- or team scoring -] [+ who scored +] the higher total of points in the first two games [- shall choose. > -] [+ serves first. +] If both players [- or teams -] score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player [+ serves first. > In doubles, the side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve +] or [- team has -] [+ receive in +] the [- choice. -] [+ first game. > The other side shall choose for the second game. +] 41 words added, 25 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > A. Order. [- The -] [+ In singles, the +] player [- or side -] winning the toss of a coin [- chooses to serve or receive -] [+ serves first +] in the first game. The other player [- or side shall choose for -] [+ serves first in +] the second game. If a tie breaker is necessary, the player [- or team scoring -] [+ who scored +] the higher total of points in the first two games [- shall choose. -] [+ serves first. +] If both players [- or teams -] score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player [+ serves first. In doubles, the side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve +] or [+ receive in the first game. The other side shall choose for the second game. If both teams score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which +] team has the choice. 64 words added, 20 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > A. Order. In singles, the player winning the toss of a coin serves first in the first game. The other player serves first in the second game. If a [- tie breaker -] [+ tiebreaker +] is necessary, the player who scored the higher total of points in the first two games serves first. If both players score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which player serves first. [+ > +] In doubles, the side winning the toss of a coin chooses to serve or receive in the first game. [+ > +] The other side shall choose for the second game. [- If both teams score an equal number of points in the first two games, another coin toss will be made to determine which team has the choice. -] 1 word added, 29 removed. 37 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.1, item B Begins: “B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Start. > Games are started by the referee announcing the score, "0-0," and then "Play ball." - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing the score, "0-0," and then "Play ball." - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. Start. [- > -] Games are started by the referee announcing [- the score, "0-0," -] [+ “play ball,” +] and then [- "Play ball." -] [+ the score, “0 – 0.” +] 7 words added, 5 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. Start. [- > -] Games are started by the referee announcing [- the score, "0-0," -] [+ “play ball,” +] and then [- "Play ball." -] [+ the score, “0 – 0.” +] 7 words added, 5 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing [- the score, "0-0," -] [+ "play ball', +] and then [- "Play ball." -] [+ the score, "0-0". +] 5 words added, 5 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing [- "play ball', -] [+ “play ball,” +] and then the score, [- "0-0". -] [+ “0 serves 0.” +] 5 words added, 3 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing “play ball,” and then the score, “0 [- – -] [+ serves +] 0.” 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing “play ball,” and then the score, “0 [- – -] [+ serves +] 0.” 1 word added, 1 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > B. Start. Games are started by the referee announcing “play ball,” and then the score, “0 [- – -] [+ serves +] 0.” 1 word added, 1 removed. 24 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.1, item C Begins: “C. Place. The server may serve from anyplace in…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Place. > The server may serve from anyplace in the service zone. > No part of either foot may extend beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. > Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. > Violations are called "foot faults". (See Rule 4.3 B.1.). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Place. The server may serve from anyplace in the service zone. No part of either foot may extend beyond the outer edge of any line of the service zone. Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called "foot faults" (See rule 4.3B1). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > C. Place. [- > -] The server may serve from [- anyplace -] [+ any place +] in the service zone. [- > -] No part of either foot may [- extend -] [+ touch the floor +] beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. [- > -] Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. [- > -] Violations are called [- "foot faults". -] [+ “foot faults." +] (See Rule 4.3 [- B.1.). -] [+ C.1.). +] 8 words added, 5 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > C. Place. [- > -] The server may serve from [- anyplace -] [+ any place +] in the service zone. [- > -] No part of either foot may [- extend -] [+ touch the floor +] beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. [- > -] Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. [- > -] Violations are called [- "foot faults". -] [+ “foot faults." +] (See Rule 4.3 [- B.1.). -] [+ C.1.). +] 8 words added, 5 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > C. Place. The server may serve from anyplace in the service zone. No part of either foot may [- extend -] [+ touch +] beyond the outer edge of any line of the service zone. Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called "foot faults" (See rule [- 4.3B1). -] [+ 4.3C1). +] 2 words added, 2 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > C. [- Place. -] [+ Place . +] The server may serve from [- anyplace -] [+ any place +] in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch [+ the floor +] beyond the outer edge of [- any -] [+ either +] line of the service zone. [- Server -] [+ The server +] must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short [- line. -] [+ line from the wall. +] Violations are called [- "foot faults" (See rule 4.3C1). -] [+ “foot faults." ( See Rule 4.3 C.1 . ). +] 22 words added, 10 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > C. Place. The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. [- Server -] [+ The server +] must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called “foot faults." (See Rule [- 4.3 C.1.). -] [+ 4.3.C.1) +] 3 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > C. Place. The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. [- Server -] [+ The server +] must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called “foot faults." (See Rule [- 4.3 C.1.). -] [+ 4.3.C.1) +] 3 words added, 3 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > C. Place. The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. The server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called “foot [- faults." -] [+ faults.” +] (See Rule 4.3.C.1) 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > C. [- Place . -] [+ Place. +] The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. The server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short [- line from the wall. -] [+ line. +] Violations are called “foot [- faults." ( See -] [+ faults.” (See +] Rule [- 4.3 C.1 . ). -] [+ 4.3.C.1) +] 5 words added, 13 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > C. Place. The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. [- Server -] [+ The server +] must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called “foot [- faults." -] [+ faults.” +] (See Rule [- 4.3 C.1.). -] [+ 4.3.C.1) +] 4 words added, 4 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > C. Place. The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may touch the floor beyond the outer edge of either line of the service zone. The server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes the short [- line. -] [+ line from the wall. +] Violations are called “foot faults.” [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 4.3.C.1) -] [+ 4.3 C.1 . ). +] 10 words added, 3 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.1, item D Begins: “D. Manner. The server must come to a complete…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > D. Manner. > The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. > The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. > Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. > If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop before hitting it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 B.8). > The ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the front wall first and on the rebound hits the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. > If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve,a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 B.7). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > D. Manner. The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve, the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If the server allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop before hitting it, a "fault" will be called (See Rule 4.3B5). The ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the wall first and on the rebound hits the floor in the receiving zone, unless played on the fly. If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a "fault" will be called (See Rule 4.3B4). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > D. Manner. [- > -] The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. [- > -] The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- > -] Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. [- > -] If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop [- before hitting -] [+ and then hits +] it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 [- B.8). > -] [+ C.8). +] The ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the front wall first and on the rebound hits the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. [- > -] If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his [- serve,a -] [+ serve, a +] fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 [- B.7). -] [+ C.7). +] 7 words added, 5 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > D. Manner. [- > -] The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. [- > -] The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- > -] Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. [- > -] If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop [- before hitting -] [+ and then hits +] it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 [- B.8). > -] [+ C.8). +] The ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the front wall first and on the rebound hits the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. [- > -] If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his [- serve,a -] [+ serve, a +] fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 [- B.7). -] [+ C.7). +] 7 words added, 5 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > D. Manner. The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve, the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If the server allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop before hitting it, a "fault" will be called (See Rule [- 4.3B5). -] [+ 4.3C5). +] The ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the wall first and on the rebound hits the floor in the receiving zone, unless played on the fly. If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a "fault" will be called (See Rule [- 4.3B4). -] [+ 4.3C4). +] 2 words added, 2 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > D. Manner. The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve, the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If the server allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop before hitting it, a "fault" will be called (See Rule 4.3C5). -] The ball must be [- struck -] [+ hit +] by the server's hand or fist so that it [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the wall first and on the rebound [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the floor in the receiving zone, unless played on the fly. [- If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a "fault" will be called (See -] [+ Refer to +] Rule [- 4.3C4). -] [+ 4.3C and 4.3D. +] 8 words added, 78 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > D. Manner. The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop and then hits it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 C.8). -] The ball must be [- struck -] [+ hit +] by the server's hand or fist so that it [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the front wall first and on the rebound [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. [- If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a fault will be called (See -] [+ Refer to +] Rule [- 4.3 C.7). -] [+ 4.3.C & D. +] 8 words added, 81 removed. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. > D. [- Manner. -] [+ Manner (Legal Serve). +] The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. The ball must be hit by the server's hand or fist so that it contacts the wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor in the receiving zone, unless played on the fly. Refer to Rule 4.3C and 4.3D. 3 words added, 1 removed. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > D. Manner. The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop and then hits it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 C.8). -] The ball must be [- struck -] [+ hit +] by the server's hand or fist so that it [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the front wall first and on the rebound [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. [- If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a fault will be called (See -] [+ Refer to +] Rule [- 4.3 C.7). -] [+ 4.3.C & D. +] 8 words added, 81 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > D. [- Manner. -] [+ Manner (Legal Serve). +] The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. The ball must be hit by the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] hand or fist so that it contacts the front wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. Refer to Rule 4.3.C & D. 4 words added, 2 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > D. Manner (Legal Serve). The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. The ball must be hit by the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] hand or fist so that it contacts the [+ front +] wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor [- in -] [+ behind +] the [- receiving zone, unless played on -] [+ short line, either with or without touching one of +] the [- fly. -] [+ side walls. +] Refer to Rule [- 4.3C and 4.3D. -] [+ 4.3.C & D. +] 17 words added, 11 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > D. [- Manner. -] [+ Manner (Legal Serve). +] The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. [- Although the server may bounce and catch the ball several times before serving, when actually beginning the serve the ball must be struck on a single bounce. If a player allows the ball to bounce more than once after a single drop and then hits it, a fault will be called (See Rule 4.3 C.8). -] The ball must be [- struck -] [+ hit +] by the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] hand or fist so that it [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the front wall first and on the rebound [- hits -] [+ contacts +] the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. [- If the server bounces the ball outside the service zone as he begins his serve, a fault will be called (See -] [+ Refer to +] Rule [- 4.3 C.7). -] [+ 4.3.C & D. +] 12 words added, 83 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > D. Manner (Legal Serve). The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. The ball must be hit by the server’s hand or fist so that it contacts the [- front -] wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor [- behind -] [+ in +] the [- short line, either with or without touching one of -] [+ receiving zone, unless played on +] the [- side walls. -] [+ fly. +] Refer to Rule [- 4.3.C & D. -] [+ 4.3C and 4.3D. +] 10 words added, 16 removed. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. > D. Manner (Legal Serve). The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service [- zone. The ball must be hit -] [+ zone, and purposely struck +] by [- the server’s -] [+ either +] hand or fist [+ before the ball bounces twice +] so that it contacts the front wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. Refer to Rule 4.3.C & D. 10 words added, 8 removed. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. > D. Manner (Legal Serve). The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service [- zone. The ball must be hit -] [+ zone, and purposely struck +] by [- the server’s -] [+ either +] hand or fist [+ before the ball bounces twice +] so that [+ so that +] it contacts the wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor in the receiving zone, unless played on the fly. Refer to Rule [- 4.3C and 4.3D. -] [+ 4.3.C & D. +] 15 words added, 11 removed. 14 more rulebooks with the same words: - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > D. Manner (Legal Serve). The server must come to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. The serve is begun by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service [- zone. The ball must be hit -] [+ zone, and purposely struck +] by [- the server’s -] [+ either +] hand or fist [+ before the ball bounces twice +] so that it contacts the front wall first and on the rebound contacts the floor behind the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls. Refer to Rule 4.3.C & D. 10 words added, 8 removed. ### Rule 4.1, item E Begins: “E. Time. A serve may not be made until…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > E. Time. > A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). > The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. > The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. > When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (strike the ball) within 10 seconds. > If the first serve results in a fault, the referee shall give the defensive player a reasonable time to take a receiving position and then the referee shall announce "second serve" after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. (See Interpretation No. 4). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score. The referee shall call "Point" or "Hand out" as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (strike the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault, the referee shall give the defensive player a reasonable time to take a receiving position and then the referee shall announce "Second serve," after which the server must serve within 10 seconds (See Interpretation No. 4). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > E. Time. [- > -] A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). [- > -] The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. [- > -] The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. [- > -] When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (strike the ball) within 10 seconds. > If the first serve results in a [- fault, -] [+ fault or screen, +] the referee shall give the [- defensive player -] [+ receiver +] a reasonable time to take a receiving position and then the referee shall announce "second serve" after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. (See Interpretation No. 4). 4 words added, 3 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > E. Time. [- > -] A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). [- > -] The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. [- > -] The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. [- > -] When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (strike the ball) within 10 seconds. > If the first serve results in a [- fault, -] [+ fault or screen, +] the referee shall give the [- defensive player -] [+ receiver +] a reasonable time to take a receiving position and then the referee shall announce "second serve" after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. (See Interpretation No. 4). 4 words added, 3 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the [- score. -] [+ score (See Rule 3.4A9). +] The referee shall call [- "Point" or "Hand out" -] [+ "point," "sideout," "hinder," etc. +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve [- (strike -] [+ (Strike +] the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault, [+ or hinder serve, +] the referee shall give the [- defensive player -] [+ receiver +] a reasonable time to take a receiving position and then the referee shall announce [- "Second -] [+ "second +] serve," [+ "one hinder serve," etc. +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds (See Interpretation No. 4). 18 words added, 9 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 3.4A9). -] [+ 3.4.A.9 ). +] The referee shall call [- "point," "sideout," "hinder," etc. -] [+ point or side out +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to [- his -] [+ his/her +] serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve [- (Strike -] [+ (hit +] the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a [- fault, -] [+ fault +] or hinder serve, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and [- then -] the [+ server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The +] referee shall [+ then +] announce "second [- serve," "one -] [+ serve" if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one +] hinder [- serve," etc. -] [+ serve” if a hinder serve, +] after which the server must serve within 10 [- seconds (See Interpretation No. 4). -] [+ seconds. +] 39 words added, 19 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to [- his -] [+ his/her +] serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve [- (strike -] [+ (hit +] the ball) within 10 seconds. [- > -] If the first serve results in a fault or screen, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and [- then -] the [+ server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The +] referee shall [+ then +] announce "second serve" [+ if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one screen” if a screen, +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. [- (See Interpretation No. 4). -] 27 words added, 7 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to [- his -] [+ his/her +] serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve [- (strike -] [+ (hit +] the ball) within 10 seconds. [- > -] If the first serve results in a fault or screen, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and [- then -] the [+ server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The +] referee shall [+ then +] announce "second serve" [+ if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one screen” if a screen, +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. [- (See Interpretation No. 4). -] 27 words added, 7 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). The referee shall call point or side out as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his/her serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (hit the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault or screen, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and the server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The referee shall then announce [- "second serve" -] [+ “second serve” +] if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one screen” if a screen, after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. 2 words added, 2 removed. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). The referee shall call [- point -] [+ “point” +] or [- side out -] [+ “side out” +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his/her serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (hit the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault or screen, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and the server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The referee shall then announce “second serve” if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one screen” if a screen, after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. 3 words added, 3 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule [- 3.4.A.9 ). -] [+ 3.4.A.9). +] The referee shall call [- point -] [+ “point” +] or [- side out -] [+ “side out” +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his/her serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (hit the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault or [- hinder serve, -] [+ screen, +] the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and the server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The referee shall then announce [- "second serve" -] [+ “second serve” +] if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one [- hinder serve” -] [+ screen” +] if a [- hinder serve, -] [+ screen, +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. 10 words added, 15 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score (See Rule 3.4.A.9). The referee shall call [- point -] [+ “point” +] or [- side out -] [+ “side out” +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to [- his -] [+ his/her +] serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve [- (strike -] [+ (hit +] the ball) within 10 seconds. [- > -] If the first serve results in a fault or screen, the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and [- then -] the [+ server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The +] referee shall [+ then +] announce [- "second serve" -] [+ “second serve” if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one screen” if a screen, +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. [- (See Interpretation No. 4). -] 32 words added, 12 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > E. Time. A serve may not be made until the referee has announced the score [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 3.4.A.9). -] [+ 3.4.A.9 ). +] The referee shall call [- “point” -] [+ point +] or [- “side out” -] [+ side out +] as soon as a rally ends. The receiver then has up to 10 seconds to assume a receiving position. When the receiver has assumed a receiving position or 10 seconds have elapsed, whichever occurs first, and the server has had reasonable time to get to his/her serving position, the referee shall announce the score and the server must serve (hit the ball) within 10 seconds. If the first serve results in a fault or [- screen, -] [+ hinder serve, +] the referee shall give the receiver a reasonable time to take a receiving position and the server reasonable time to get to his/her serving position. The referee shall then announce “second serve” if the serve was a fault, or “first/second serve, one [- screen” -] [+ hinder serve” +] if a [- screen, -] [+ hinder serve, +] after which the server must serve within 10 seconds. 13 words added, 8 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).