# Rule 4.3 Defective serves: how the wording changed (American one-wall, small ball) 49 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 30 October 2026. The wording was reworded or changed 77 times. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 21 first recorded | | 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 24 first recorded | | 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 11 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 2 moved, 3 reworded, 5 changed | | 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 2 first recorded, 9 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 2 moved, 3 reworded, 5 changed | | 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 1 first recorded, 14 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 2 moved, 1 reworded, 4 changed | | 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 25 unchanged | | 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 25 unchanged | | 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 25 unchanged | | 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 25 unchanged | | 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 23 unchanged | | 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 1 first recorded, 4 unchanged, 11 punctuation only, 7 reworded, 3 changed | | 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 13 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 4 reworded, 3 changed | | June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 22 unchanged, 1 changed | | June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 25 unchanged, 1 changed | | June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 24 unchanged, 2 changed | | May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 23 unchanged | | 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 13 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 6 reworded, 1 changed | | June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 25 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 5 unchanged, 18 punctuation only | | 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 23 unchanged | | January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 25 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 21 unchanged, 2 reworded | | 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 2 unchanged, 13 punctuation only, 4 moved, 4 reworded, 2 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 2 unchanged, 11 punctuation only, 7 reworded, 3 changed | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 22 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 24 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 22 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 23 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 2 first recorded, 2 unchanged, 13 punctuation only, 4 moved, 4 reworded, 2 changed | | 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 23 unchanged | | 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 27 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 22 unchanged, 1 changed | | 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 2 first recorded, 26 unchanged, 1 changed | | 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 29 unchanged | | 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 23 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 23 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 28 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 23 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 23 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 27 unchanged, 2 punctuation only | | 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 23 unchanged | | 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 23 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 23 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 29 unchanged | | 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 29 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 23 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 29 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 22 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 30 October 2026 | USHA Four-Wall Abridged Rules, May 2010 | 1 reworded | ## The wording ### Rule 4.3, part 1 of 30 Begins: “Defective serves are of three types and result in…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > Defective serves are of three types and result in penalties as follows: Interpretations: 21 interpretations attached. - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make his call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his receiving position is in the center of the court. - New here: However, if the receiver positions himself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called. - New here: It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he will have the same angle of view as the receiver. - New here: The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen. - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his partner intentionally catches the ball in self-defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him, an out is the proper call. - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > Defective serves are of three types and result in penalties as follows: Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into good position to attempt his shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make his call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his receiving position is in the center of the court. - New here: However, if the receiver positions himself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called. - New here: It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself so that he will have the same angle of view as the receiver. - New here: The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a hinder. - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > Defective serves are of [- three -] [+ four +] types and result in [- penalties as follows: -] [+ the following: +] 3 words added, 4 removed. Interpretations: 21 interpretations attached; 21 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > Defective serves are of [- three -] [+ four +] types and result in [- penalties as follows: -] [+ the following: +] 3 words added, 4 removed. Interpretations: 21 interpretations attached; 21 carried over unchanged. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > Defective serves are of [- three -] [+ four +] types and result in penalties as follows: 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 21 interpretations attached; 21 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > Defective serves are of four types and result in [- penalties as follows: -] [+ the following: +] 2 words added, 3 removed. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 8 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 8 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > [- Defective serves -] [+ There +] are [- of -] four types [- and -] [+ of defective serves which +] result in the following: 5 words added, 4 removed. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- Defective serves -] [+ There +] are [- of -] four types [- and -] [+ of defective serves which +] result in the following: 5 words added, 4 removed. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- Defective serves -] [+ There +] are [- of -] four types [- and -] [+ of defective serves which +] result in the following: 5 words added, 4 removed. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 12 carried over unchanged; 9 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense. - New here: However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- There -] [+ Defective serves +] are [+ of +] four types [- of defective serves which -] [+ and +] result in the following: 4 words added, 5 removed. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7 ### Rule 4.3, part 2 of 30 Begins: “The receiver should be given the benefit of any…” - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.3, part 3 of 30 Begins: “The receiver should be given the benefit of any…” - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.3, part 4 of 30 Begins: “( See Rule 4.1 D).” - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > ( See Rule 4.1 D). Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 B. - New here: (1): Interpretation No. 5 - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot. - New here: The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6 - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7 - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.3, part 5 of 30 Begins: “4.) Court hinders. If a served ball takes an…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4.) Court hinders. > If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness, a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3) Court hinders. A served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness, a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 4.) -] [+ 1.) +] Court hinders. [- > -] If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or [- wetness, -] [+ wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) +] a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 10 words added, 2 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 4.) -] [+ 1.) +] Court hinders. [- > -] If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or [- wetness, -] [+ wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) +] a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 10 words added, 2 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- 3) -] [+ 1) +] Court hinders. [- A -] [+ If a +] served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or [- wetness, -] [+ wetness (before the serve has become +] a [+ legal serve), a +] court hinder is called and the serve is [- replayed. -] [+ replayed (See Rule 3.4A4 and 4.7A1). +] 18 words added, 4 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal [- serve), -] [+ serve) +] a court hinder is called and the serve is [- replayed (See -] [+ replayed. ( See +] Rule [- 3.4A4 -] [+ 3.4 A.4 +] and [- 4.7A1). -] [+ 4.7 A.1) +] 9 words added, 6 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. > 1.) Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.7 A.1) 1 word added, 2 removed. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule [- 3.4 A.4 and 4.7 A.1) -] [+ 3.4.A.4 ) +] 3 words added, 6 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness (before the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule [- 3.4.A.4 ) -] [+ 3.4 A.4 and 4.7 A.1) +] 6 words added, 3 removed. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. > 1) Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness [- (before -] [+ (including before +] the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 2 words added, 1 removed. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. > 1.) Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness [- (before -] [+ (including before +] the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.7 A.1) 2 words added, 1 removed. 14 more rulebooks with the same words: - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > 1) Court hinders. If a served ball takes an erratic bounce due to a court obstruction or wetness [- (before -] [+ (including before +] the serve has become a legal serve) a court hinder is called and the serve is replayed. (See Rule 3.4.A.4 ) 2 words added, 1 removed. ### Rule 4.3, part 6 of 30 Begins: “1.) Foot fault.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1.) Foot fault. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1) Foot fault. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 7 of 30 Begins: “1.) Missed serve. Any attempt to strike the ball…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1.) Missed serve. > Any attempt to strike the ball on the first service bounce that results in a total miss or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the striking hand. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1) Missed serve. Any attempt to strike the ball on the first service bounce that results in a total miss or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the striking hand. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 1.) Missed serve. [- > -] Any attempt to strike the ball on the first service bounce that results in a total [- miss -] [+ miss, +] or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the striking hand. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 1.) Missed serve. [- > -] Any attempt to strike the ball on the first service bounce that results in a total [- miss -] [+ miss, +] or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the striking hand. 1 word added, 1 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Missed serve. Any attempt to [- strike -] [+ hit +] the ball [- on the first service bounce -] that results in a total [- miss -] [+ miss, +] or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the [- striking -] [+ hitting +] hand. 4 words added, 9 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 1.) Missed serve. Any attempt to [- strike -] [+ hit +] the ball [- on the first service bounce -] that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the [- striking -] [+ hitting +] hand. 2 words added, 7 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 1.) Missed serve. Any attempt to [- strike -] [+ hit +] the ball [- on the first service bounce -] that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the server's body other than the [- striking -] [+ hitting +] hand. 2 words added, 7 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Missed serve. Any attempt to hit the ball that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] body other than the hitting hand. 2 words added, 2 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Missed serve. Any attempt to hit the ball that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] body other than the hitting hand. 2 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Missed serve. Any attempt to [- strike -] [+ hit +] the ball [- on the first service bounce -] that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] body other than the [- striking -] [+ hitting +] hand. 4 words added, 9 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Missed serve. Any attempt to hit the ball that results in a total miss, or in the ball touching any part of the server’s body other than the hitting hand. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 8 of 30 Begins: “1) Moving on service. The server or his partner…” - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1) Moving on service. The server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball from the wall, hinder may be called not voiding any previous faults. This call, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play (See Interpretation No. 5). If there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position, a hinder should not be called. In such a case the referee should not make his call too quickly. He should watch the reaction of the receiver. The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt, as long as he is properly positioned (See Rule 4.3B6). - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > 1.) Screen balls. If, in the referee's judgment, the ball passes so close to the server or the server's partner that the receiver's view of the ball is obstructed, a screen should be called. (See Interpretation No. 5). Also, if the served ball hits the server’s partner on the fly rebounding from the front wall or from the front wall and a side wall while the server’s partner is in a legal position within the service box, it shall be treated as a screen serve. It is also a screen when any otherwise legally served ball passes behind the server's partner, between the partner and the nearer side wall. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > 1) Moving on service. The server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball from the wall, hinder may be called not voiding any previous faults. This call, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play (See Interpretation No. 5). If there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position, a hinder should not be called. In such a case the referee should not make his call too quickly. He should watch the reaction of the receiver. The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt, as long as he is properly positioned (See Rule [- 4.3B6). -] [+ 4.3C6). +] 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > 1) Moving on service. The server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball from the wall, hinder may be called not voiding any previous faults. This call, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play (See Interpretation No. [- 5). -] [+ 5) . +] If there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position, a hinder should not be called. In such a case the referee should not make [- his -] [+ the +] call too quickly. [- He -] [+ He/she +] should watch the reaction of the receiver. The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt, as long as [- he -] [+ he/she +] is properly positioned (See Rule 4.3C6). 5 words added, 4 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 1.) Screen balls. If, in the referee's judgment, the ball passes so close to the server or the server's partner that the receiver's view of the ball is obstructed, a screen should be called. [- (See Interpretation No. 5). -] Also, if the served ball hits the server’s partner on the fly rebounding from the front wall or from the front wall and a side wall while the server’s partner is in a legal position within the service box, it shall be treated as a screen serve. It is also a screen when any otherwise legally served ball passes behind the server's partner, between the partner and the nearer side wall. 4 words removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 1.) Screen balls. If, in the referee's judgment, the ball passes so close to the server or the server's partner that the receiver's view of the ball is obstructed, a screen should be called. [- (See Interpretation No. 5). -] Also, if the served ball hits the server’s partner on the fly rebounding from the front wall or from the front wall and a side wall while the server’s partner is in a legal position within the service box, it shall be treated as a screen serve. It is also a screen when any otherwise legally served ball passes behind the server's partner, between the partner and the nearer side wall. 4 words removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Screen balls. If, in the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] judgment, the ball passes so close to the server or the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner that the [- receiver's -] [+ receiver’s +] view of the ball is obstructed, a screen should be called. Also, if the served ball hits the server’s partner on the fly rebounding from the front wall or from the front wall and a side wall while the server’s partner is in a legal position within the service box, it shall be treated as a screen serve. It is also a screen when any otherwise legally served ball passes behind the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner, between the partner and the nearer side wall. 5 words added, 5 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > 1) Moving on service. The server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball from the wall, [+ a +] hinder may be called not voiding any previous faults. This call, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play (See Interpretation No. [- 5) . -] [+ 5). +] If there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position, a hinder should not be called. [- In such a case the referee should not make the call too quickly. -] He/she should watch the reaction of the receiver. The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt, as long as he/she is properly positioned (See Rule 4.3C6). 2 words added, 15 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Screen balls. If, in the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] judgment, the ball passes so close to the server or the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner that the [- receiver's -] [+ receiver’s +] view of the ball is obstructed, a screen should be called. [- (See Interpretation No. 5). -] Also, if the served ball hits the server’s partner on the fly rebounding from the front wall or from the front wall and a side wall while the server’s partner is in a legal position within the service box, it shall be treated as a screen serve. It is also a screen when any otherwise legally served ball passes behind the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner, between the partner and the nearer side wall. 5 words added, 9 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > 1) Moving on service. The server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball from the wall, [- a -] hinder may be called not voiding any previous faults. This call, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play (See Interpretation No. [- 5). -] [+ 5) . +] If there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position, a hinder should not be called. [+ In such a case the referee should not make the call too quickly. +] He/she should watch the reaction of the receiver. The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt, as long as he/she is properly positioned (See Rule 4.3C6). 15 words added, 2 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 9 of 30 Begins: “A legally served ball that travels between the legs…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic screen. Interpretations: 21 interpretations attached. - New here: The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone. - New here: This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his shot. - New here: The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play. - New here: In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play. - New here: In such a case, the referee should not make his call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver. - New here: If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called. - New here: If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called. - New here: The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his receiving position is in the center of the court. - New here: However, if the receiver positions himself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called. - New here: It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he will have the same angle of view as the receiver. - New here: The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen. - New here: Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced. - New here: Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first. - New here: Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced. - New here: For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault. - New here: In doubles, the server should not be called out if his partner intentionally catches the ball in self-defense. - New here: However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him, an out is the proper call. - New here: If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves. - New here: The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server. - New here: If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server. - New here: If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2) Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic hinder serve. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [+ 2.) Straddle balls. +] A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic screen. 3 words added. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [+ 2.) Straddle balls. +] A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic screen. 3 words added. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic hinder serve. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic screen. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic hinder serve. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic screen. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Straddle balls. A legally served ball that travels between the legs of the server is an automatic hinder serve. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 10 of 30 Begins: “5.) Broken ball. If the ball is determined to…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5.) Broken ball. > If the ball is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be substituted and the serve shall be replayed, not canceling a prior fault. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4) Broken ball. The ball is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be substituted and the serve shall be replayed, not canceling a prior fault. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 5.) -] [+ 2.) +] Broken ball. [- > -] If the ball is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be [- substituted -] [+ substituted, +] and the serve shall be [- replayed, not canceling a prior fault. -] [+ replayed. +] 3 words added, 8 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 5.) -] [+ 2.) +] Broken ball. [- > -] If the ball is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be [- substituted -] [+ substituted, +] and the serve shall be [- replayed, not canceling a prior fault. -] [+ replayed. +] 3 words added, 8 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- 4) -] [+ 2) +] Broken ball. The ball is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be substituted and the serve shall be [- replayed, not canceling a prior fault. -] [+ replayed. +] 2 words added, 7 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Broken [- ball. The -] ball [+ . If the ball +] is determined to have broken on the serve, a new ball shall be [- substituted -] [+ substituted, +] and the serve shall be replayed. 6 words added, 4 removed. - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. > 2.) Broken ball. If the ball is determined to have broken [- on -] [+ before +] the [- serve, -] [+ serve has become +] a [- new -] [+ legal serve, an approved +] ball [- shall -] [+ must +] be [- substituted, -] [+ put into play +] and the serve shall be replayed. [+ (See Rule 4.6.J) +] 15 words added, 5 removed. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. > 2.) Broken [- ball . -] [+ ball. +] If the ball is determined to have broken [- on -] [+ before +] the [- serve, -] [+ serve has become +] a [- new -] [+ legal serve, an approved +] ball [- shall -] [+ must +] be [- substituted, -] [+ put into play +] and the serve shall be replayed. [+ (See Rule 4.6.J) +] 16 words added, 7 removed. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. > 2.) Broken [- ball . -] [+ ball. +] If the ball is determined to have broken [- on -] [+ before +] the [- serve, -] [+ serve has become +] a [- new -] [+ legal serve, an approved +] ball [- shall -] [+ must +] be [- substituted, -] [+ put into play +] and the serve shall be replayed. [+ (See Rule 4.6.J) +] 16 words added, 7 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Broken [- ball. If -] [+ ball.If +] the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 2 words added, 3 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Broken [- ball. If -] [+ ball.If +] the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 2 words added, 3 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Broken [- ball. If -] [+ ball.If +] the ball is determined to have broken [- on -] [+ before +] the [- serve, -] [+ serve has become +] a [- new -] [+ legal serve, an approved +] ball [- shall -] [+ must +] be [- substituted, -] [+ put into play +] and the serve shall be replayed. [+ (See Rule 4.6.J) +] 17 words added, 8 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. > 2) Broken [- ball.If -] [+ ball. If +] the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 2 words added, 1 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. > 2) Broken [- ball.If -] [+ ball. If +] the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 2 words added, 1 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. > 2) Broken [- ball.If -] [+ ball. If +] the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 2 words added, 1 removed. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Broken ball. If the ball is determined to have broken before the serve has become a legal serve, an approved ball must be put into play and the serve shall be replayed. (See Rule 4.6.J) 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 11 of 30 Begins: “2.) Short serve. Any serve that first hits the…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2.) Short serve. > Any serve that first hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of or on the short line either with or without touching one side wall. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2) Short serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of or on the short line, on or between the side lines. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 2.) Short serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front [- of -] [+ of, +] or [- on -] [+ on, +] the short line either with or without touching one side wall. 2 words added, 2 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 2.) Short serve. [- > -] Any serve that first hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front [- of -] [+ of, +] or [- on -] [+ on, +] the short line either with or without touching one side wall. 2 words added, 2 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Short serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front [- of -] [+ of, +] or [- on -] [+ on, +] the short [- line, -] [+ line +] on or between the side lines. 4 words added, 4 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Short serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of, or on, the short line either with or without touching one side wall. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Short serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of, or on, the short line on or between the side lines. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Short serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of, or on, the short line either with or without touching one side wall. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Short serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in front of, or on, the short line on or between the side lines. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 12 of 30 Begins: “2.) Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2.) Non-front serve. > Any served ball that does not strike the front wall first. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2) Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the wall first. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 2.) Non-front serve. [- > -] Any served ball that does not strike the front wall first. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 2.) Non-front serve. [- > -] Any served ball that does not strike the front wall first. no words changed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the wall first. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the front wall first. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the [+ front +] wall first. 2 words added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the front wall first. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Non-front serve. Any served ball that does not strike the [- front -] wall first. 1 word added, 2 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - **30 October 2026, USHA Four-Wall Abridged Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. > [- 2.) -] Non-front [- serve. Any -] [+ Serve – the +] served ball [- that -] does not strike the front wall first. 3 words added, 4 removed. ### Rule 4.3, part 13 of 30 Begins: “3.) Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3.) Touched serve. > Any served ball on the rebound from the front wall that touches the server, or touches the server's partner when the partner's foot is outside of the service box. > This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. > When the partner is hit by the serve when he is outside the service box,the serve penalty supersedes the partner's foot fault (See Interpretation No. 6). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3) Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the wall that touches the server, or touches the server's partner. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve, the "out serve" penalty supersedes the partner's foot fault (See Interpretation No. 6). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 3.) Touched serve. [- > -] Any served ball on the rebound from the front [- wall -] [+ wall, before bouncing on the floor, +] that touches the server, or touches the server's partner when [- the partner's foot is outside -] [+ both +] of the [+ partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the +] service [- box. > -] [+ box or when the partner’s back is not to the nearer side wall. +] This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. [- > -] When the partner is hit by the serve when he is [- outside -] [+ not in his legal position, +] the [- service box,the -] [+ out +] serve penalty supersedes the partner's foot fault (See Interpretation No. 6). 35 words added, 10 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 3.) Touched serve. [- > -] Any served ball on the rebound from the front [- wall -] [+ wall, before bouncing on the floor, +] that touches the server, or touches the server's partner when [- the partner's foot is outside -] [+ both +] of the [+ partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the +] service [- box. > -] [+ box or when the partner’s back is not to the nearer side wall. +] This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. [- > -] When the partner is hit by the serve when he is [- outside -] [+ not in his legal position, +] the [- service box,the -] [+ out +] serve penalty supersedes the partner's foot fault (See Interpretation No. 6). 35 words added, 10 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 3) -] [+ 3.) +] Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the wall that touches the server, or touches the server's partner. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve, the "out serve" penalty supersedes the partner's foot [- fault (See Interpretation No. 6). -] [+ fault. +] 2 words added, 6 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 3.) Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the front wall, before bouncing on the floor, that touches the server, or touches the server's partner when both of the partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the service box or when the [- partner’s back -] [+ partner +] is not [+ standing erect with his/her back +] to the nearer side wall. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve when [- he -] [+ he/she +] is not in [- his -] [+ the +] legal position, the out serve penalty supersedes the partner's foot [- fault (See Interpretation No. 6). -] [+ fault. +] 9 words added, 9 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 3.) Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the front wall, before bouncing on the floor, that touches the server, or touches the server's partner when both of the partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the service box or when the [- partner’s back -] [+ partner +] is not [+ standing erect with his/her back +] to the nearer side wall. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve when [- he -] [+ he/she +] is not in [- his -] [+ the +] legal position, the out serve penalty supersedes the partner's foot [- fault (See Interpretation No. 6). -] [+ fault. +] 9 words added, 9 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the front wall, before bouncing on the floor, that touches the server, or touches the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner when both of the partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the service box or when the partner is not standing erect with his/her back to the nearer side wall. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve when he/she is not in the legal position, the out serve penalty supersedes the [- partner's -] [+ partner’s +] foot fault. 3 words added, 3 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the wall that touches the server, or touches the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve, the [- "out serve" -] [+ “out serve” +] penalty supersedes the [- partner's -] [+ partner’s +] foot fault. 5 words added, 5 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the front wall, before bouncing on the floor, that touches the server, or touches the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner when both of the partner’s feet are not touching the floor inside the service box or when the [- partner’s back -] [+ partner +] is not [+ standing erect with his/her back +] to the nearer side wall. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve when [- he -] [+ he/she +] is not in [- his -] [+ the +] legal position, the out serve penalty supersedes the [- partner's -] [+ partner’s +] foot [- fault (See Interpretation No. 6). -] [+ fault. +] 12 words added, 12 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 3) -] [+ 3.) +] Touched serve. Any served ball on the rebound from the wall that touches the server, or touches the server’s partner. This includes a serve that is intentionally caught. When the partner is hit by the serve, the “out serve” penalty supersedes the partner’s foot fault. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 14 of 30 Begins: “3.) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the…” - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3.) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the wrong score has been announced by the referee before the serve has become a legal serve the score shall be corrected and the serve shall be replayed. Any prior rallies shall not be affected. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 4.3, part 15 of 30 Begins: “7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. > Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule 4.1 D) - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1D). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. [- > -] Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule 4.1 D) no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. [- > -] Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule 4.1 D) no words changed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > 4) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service [+ > +] zone (See Rule 4.1D). no words changed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service [- > zone (See -] [+ zone. ( See +] Rule [- 4.1D). -] [+ 4.1 D ). +] 7 words added, 4 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule [- 4.1 D) -] [+ 4.1.D). +] 1 word added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule [- 4.1 D) -] [+ 4.1.D). +] 1 word added, 2 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule 4.1.D). 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule 4.1 [- D ). -] [+ D). +] 3 words added, 5 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. (See Rule [- 4.1 D) -] [+ 4.1.D). +] 2 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule 4.1 [- D). -] [+ D ). +] 5 words added, 3 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. > 4.) Bouncing ball outside service zone. Any serve that is struck on a bounce that was made outside the service zone. [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule 4.1 D ). 1 word added, 2 removed. 11 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 16 of 30 Begins: “4.) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule 4.3 B).” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4.) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule 4.3 B). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule 4.3B). - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > 4) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule [- 4.3B). -] [+ 4.3C). +] 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Two consecutive fault serves. [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 4.3C). -] [+ 4.3 C ). +] 6 words added, 3 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 4.) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule [- 4.3 B). -] [+ 4.3.B). +] 1 word added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 4.) Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule [- 4.3 B). -] [+ 4.3.B). +] 1 word added, 2 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule 4.3.B). 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Two consecutive fault serves. [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule [- 4.3 C ). -] [+ 4.3.B). +] 3 words added, 6 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Two consecutive fault serves. (See Rule [- 4.3 B). -] [+ 4.3.B). +] 2 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Two consecutive fault serves. [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 4.3.B). -] [+ 4.3 C ). +] 6 words added, 3 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 17 of 30 Begins: “5.) Crotch serve. Any serve that hits a crotch…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5.) Crotch serve. > Any serve that hits a crotch in the front wall is an out. > All balls hitting the crotch of a wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. > A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5) Crotch serve. Any serve that hits the crotch of the wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 5.) Crotch serve. [- > -] Any serve that hits a crotch in the front wall is an out. [- > -] All balls hitting the crotch of a wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. [- > -] A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 5.) Crotch serve. [- > -] Any serve that hits a crotch in the front wall is an out. [- > -] All balls hitting the crotch of a wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. [- > -] A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. no words changed. 14 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Crotch serve. Any serve that hits a crotch in the front wall is an out. All balls hitting the crotch of a wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > 5) Crotch serve. Any serve that hits [+ a crotch in +] the [+ front wall is an out. All balls hitting the +] crotch of [- the -] [+ a +] wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. [+ A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. +] 44 words added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Crotch serve. Any serve that hits a crotch in the front wall is an out. All balls hitting the crotch of a wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > 5) Crotch serve. Any serve that hits [- a crotch in -] the [- front wall is an out. All balls hitting the -] crotch of [- a -] [+ the +] wall and the floor shall be considered to have hit the floor first. [- A serve that rebounds on the fly from the front wall into the crotch of the back wall and the floor is a legal serve, as is a three-wall crotch serve. -] 1 word added, 44 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 18 of 30 Begins: “5.) Bounces. Any serve that is struck on less…” - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5.) Bounces. Any serve that is struck on less than, or more than, a single bounce in the service zone. (See Rule 4.1. D). 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 4.3, part 19 of 30 Begins: “9.) Two consecutive screen serves. Two consecutive screen serves…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 9.) Two consecutive screen serves. > Two consecutive screen serves result in a fault. > This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 6) Two consecutive hinder serves. Two consecutive "hinder serves" result in a fault (See 4.3A1). This, and the hinder fault, are the only two fault calls that cannot be appealed (See Rule 4.75). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 9.) Two consecutive screen serves. [- > -] Two consecutive screen serves result in a fault. [- > -] This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 9.) Two consecutive screen serves. [- > -] Two consecutive screen serves result in a fault. [- > -] This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. no words changed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > 6) Two consecutive hinder serves. Two consecutive "hinder serves" result in a fault (See [- 4.3A1). -] [+ 4.3B1). +] This, and the hinder fault, are the only two fault calls that cannot be appealed (See Rule 4.75). 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Two consecutive hinder serves. Two consecutive [- "hinder serves" -] [+ hinder serves +] result in a [- fault -] [+ fault. +] (See [- 4.3B1). This, and the hinder fault, are -] [+ Rule 4.3 B.1) This is +] the only [- two -] fault [- calls -] [+ call +] that cannot be [- appealed -] [+ appealed. +] (See Rule [- 4.75). -] [+ 4.8) +] 12 words added, 15 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 9.) -] [+ 9) +] Two consecutive screen serves. Two consecutive screen serves result in a fault. This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Two consecutive hinder serves. Two consecutive hinder serves result in a fault. (See Rule 4.3 B.1) This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. (See Rule 4.8) 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 9.) -] [+ 9) +] Two consecutive screen serves. Two consecutive screen serves result in a fault. This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Two consecutive hinder serves. Two consecutive hinder serves result in a fault. (See Rule 4.3 B.1) This is the only fault call that cannot be appealed. (See Rule 4.8) 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, part 20 of 30 Begins: “6.) Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 6.) Out-of-order serve. > In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. > If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. > If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be called (See Interpretation No. 7). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 6) Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be called (See Interpretation No. 7). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Out-of-order serve. [- > -] In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. [- > -] If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. [- > -] If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be called (See Interpretation No. 7). no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Out-of-order serve. [- > -] In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. [- > -] If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. [- > -] If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be called (See Interpretation No. 7). no words changed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server [+ since the out of order serving commenced +] will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a [- sideout -] [+ side out +] will be [- called (See Interpretation No. 7). -] [+ called. +] 11 words added, 7 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 6.) Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server [+ since the out of order serving commenced +] will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be [- called (See Interpretation No. 7). -] [+ called. +] 8 words added, 5 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 6.) Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server [+ since the out of order serving commenced +] will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be [- called (See Interpretation No. 7). -] [+ called. +] 8 words added, 5 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server since the out of order serving commenced will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be called. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server since the out of order serving commenced will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a [- side out -] [+ sideout +] will be called. 2 words added, 3 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server [+ since the out of order serving commenced +] will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a sideout will be [- called (See Interpretation No. 7). -] [+ called. +] 9 words added, 6 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Out-of-order serve. In doubles, when either partner serves out of order, the points scored by that server since the out of order serving commenced will be subtracted and an out serve will be called. If the second server serves out of order, the out serve will apply to the first server and the second server will resume serving. If the player designated as the first server serves out of order, a [- sideout -] [+ side out +] will be called. 3 words added, 2 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item 7 Begins: “7.) Service delay. The server fails to serve the…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 7.) Service delay. > The server fails to serve the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 7) Service delay. The server fails to serve the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 7.) Service delay. [- > -] The server fails to serve the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 7.) Service delay. [- > -] The server fails to serve the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. no words changed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 7) -] [+ 7.) +] Service delay. The server fails to [- serve -] [+ hit +] the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 2 words added, 2 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Service delay. The server fails to [- serve -] [+ hit +] the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Service delay. The server fails to [- serve -] [+ hit +] the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 1 word added, 1 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Service delay. The server fails to hit the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Service delay. The server fails to hit the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Service delay. The server fails to [- serve -] [+ hit +] the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 2 words added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 7) -] [+ 7.) +] Service delay. The server fails to hit the ball within 10 seconds after the referee has announced the score. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item 8 Begins: “8) Wall edge. The top edge of the wall,…” - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 8) Wall edge. The top edge of the wall, if any, is not part of the court. A ball striking the top edge is an out. 10 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 8) -] [+ 4) +] Wall edge. The top edge of the wall, if any, is not part of the court. A ball striking the top edge is an out. 1 word added, 1 removed. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 4) -] [+ 8) +] Wall edge. The top edge of the wall, if any, is not part of the court. A ball striking the top edge is an out. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. > [- 8) -] [+ 8.) +] Wall edge. The top edge of the wall, if any, is not part of the court. A ball striking the top edge is an out. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 4.3, item 9 Begins: “9) Outside serve. Any serve that, on the rebound…” - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 9) Outside serve. Any serve that, on the rebound from the wall, hits the floor outside of the side lines is an out against the serving side. During tournament play, receivers must not catch serves that they assume to be out. Referee will award point for failure to return. 10 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 9) -] [+ 5) +] Outside serve. Any serve that, on the rebound from the wall, hits the floor outside of the side lines is an out against the serving side. During tournament play, receivers must not catch serves that they assume to be out. Referee will award point for failure to return. 1 word added, 1 removed. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 5) -] [+ 9) +] Outside serve. Any serve that, on the rebound from the wall, hits the floor outside of the side lines is an out against the serving side. During tournament play, receivers must not catch serves that they assume to be out. Referee will award point for failure to return. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. > [- 9) -] [+ 9.) +] Outside serve. Any serve that, on the rebound from the wall, hits the floor outside of the side lines is an out against the serving side. During tournament play, receivers must not catch serves that they assume to be out. Referee will award point for failure to return. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 4.3, item a Begins: “a.) The server begins the service motion with one…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > a.) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1.C). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > a) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet outside the service zone. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > a.) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet [+ touching the floor +] outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1.C). 3 words added. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > a.) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet [+ touching the floor +] outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1.C). 3 words added. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > a) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet [+ touching the floor +] outside the service [- zone. -] [+ zone (See Rule 4.1C). +] 7 words added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- a) -] [+ a.) +] The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone [- (See -] [+ ( See +] Rule [- 4.1C). -] [+ 4.1.C ). +] 5 words added, 3 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- a.) -] [+ a) +] The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1.C). 1 word added, 1 removed. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. > a.) The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone [- ( See -] [+ (See +] Rule 4.1.C ). 1 word added, 2 removed. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- a.) -] [+ a) +] The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone (See Rule [- 4.1.C ). -] [+ 4.1.C). +] 2 words added, 3 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- a.) -] [+ a) +] The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone (See Rule 4.1.C). 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- a) -] [+ a.) +] The server begins the service motion with one or both feet touching the floor outside the service zone (See Rule [- 4.1.C). -] [+ 4.1.C ). +] 3 words added, 2 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item A Begins: “A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Dead-ball serves. > A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior illegal serve. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty, and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior illegal serve. This occurs on an otherwise legal serve: - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Dead-ball serves. [- > -] A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior illegal serve. [+ This occurs in the following situations: +] 6 words added. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A. Dead-ball serves. [- > -] A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior illegal serve. [+ This occurs in the following situations: +] 6 words added. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty, and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior illegal serve. This occurs [- on an otherwise legal serve: -] [+ in the following situations: +] 4 words added, 5 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no [- penalty, -] [+ penalty +] and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior [- illegal -] [+ defective +] serve. This occurs in the following situations: 2 words added, 2 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior [- illegal -] [+ defective +] serve. This occurs in the following situations: 1 word added, 1 removed. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior defective [- serve. -] [+ serve or hinder fault. +] This occurs in the following situations: 4 words added, 1 removed. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior [- illegal -] [+ defective +] serve. This occurs in the following situations: 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without [- canceling -] [+ cancelling +] a prior defective serve or hinder fault. [- This occurs in the following situations: -] 1 word added, 7 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without canceling a prior [- illegal -] [+ defective +] serve. This occurs in the following situations: 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > A. Dead-ball serves. A dead-ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without [- cancelling -] [+ canceling +] a prior defective serve or hinder fault. [+ This occurs in the following situations: +] 7 words added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item b Begins: “b.) The server leaves the service zone before the…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > b.) The server leaves the service zone before the served ball passes the short line. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > b) The server leaves the service zone before the served ball passes the short line. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- b) -] [+ b.) +] The [- server leaves -] [+ server‘s foot touches +] the [+ floor outside the +] service zone before the served ball passes [+ through +] the [+ plane of the back edge of the +] short [- line. -] [+ line from the wall. +] 19 words added, 4 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > b.) The [- server leaves -] [+ server‘s foot touches +] the [+ floor outside the +] service zone before the served ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 14 words added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > b.) The [- server leaves -] [+ server‘s foot touches +] the [+ floor outside the +] service zone before the served ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 14 words added, 2 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- b.) -] [+ b) +] The server‘s foot touches the floor outside the service zone before the served ball passes through the plane of the back edge of the short line. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- b.) -] [+ a) +] The [- server‘s -] [+ server’s +] foot touches the floor outside the service zone before the served ball passes through the plane of the back edge of the short line from the wall. 2 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- b.) -] [+ b) +] The [- server leaves -] [+ server‘s foot touches +] the [+ floor outside the +] service zone before the served ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 15 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- a) -] [+ b.) +] The [- server’s -] [+ server‘s +] foot touches the floor outside the service zone before the served ball passes through the plane of the back edge of the short line from the wall. 2 words added, 2 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item B Begins: “B. Screen serves. A screen serve call stops play,…” - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Screen serves. A screen serve call stops play, and the server gets another serve. Two consecutive screen serves result in a “fault.” - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Hinder Serves. A hinder serve call stops play and the server gets another serve (See Rule 4.3C6). 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > B. Hinder [- Serves. -] [+ serves. +] A hinder serve call stops [- play -] [+ play, +] and the server gets another [- serve -] [+ serve. +] (See Rule [- 4.3C6). -] [+ 4.3 C.6) +] 5 words added, 4 removed. 37 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item c Begins: “c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and back to the wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes the short line. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > c) In doubles, when the server's partner is not outside the side lines, astraddle the indicated service line, or enters the playing zone before the served ball passes him (See Rule 4.2B). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and [+ his +] back to the [+ nearer side +] wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes the short line. 3 words added. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and [+ his +] back to the [+ nearer side +] wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes the short line. 3 words added. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > c) In doubles, when the server's partner is not outside the side lines, astraddle the indicated service line, or enters the playing zone before the served ball passes [- him -] [+ him/her +] (See Rule 4.2B). 1 word added, 1 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and [- his -] [+ his/her +] back to the nearer side wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 9 words added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > c.) In doubles, when the server's partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and [- his -] [+ his/her +] back to the nearer side wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 9 words added, 1 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- c.) -] [+ c) +] In doubles, when the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and his/her back to the nearer side wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes through the plane of the back edge of the short line. 2 words added, 2 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- c) -] [+ b) +] In doubles, when the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner is not outside the side lines, astraddle the indicated service line, or enters the playing zone before the served ball passes him/her (See Rule 4.2B). 2 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- c.) -] [+ c) +] In doubles, when the [- server's -] [+ server’s +] partner is not in the service box with both feet on the floor and [- his -] [+ his/her +] back to the nearer side wall from the time the serve is begun until the ball passes [+ through the plane of the back edge of +] the short line. 11 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- b) -] [+ c.) +] In doubles, when the server’s partner is not outside the side lines, astraddle the indicated service line, or enters the playing zone before the served ball passes him/her (See Rule 4.2B). 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item C Begins: “B. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Fault serves. > The following serves are fault serves and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- B. -] [+ C. +] Fault serves. [- > -] The following serves are fault [- serves -] [+ serves, +] and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 2 words added, 2 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- B. -] [+ C. +] Fault serves. [- > -] The following serves are fault [- serves -] [+ serves, +] and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 2 words added, 2 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- B. -] [+ C. +] Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > C. Fault serves. The following serves are fault [- serves -] [+ serves, +] and any two that are hit before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word added, 1 removed. 10 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > C. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves, and any two that are hit [+ consecutively +] before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word added. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > C. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves, and any two that are hit [+ consecutively +] before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word added. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > C. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves, and any two that are hit [+ consecutively +] before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word added. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > C. Fault serves. The following serves are fault serves, and any two that are hit [- consecutively -] before a legal serve is executed result in an out: 1 word removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.3, item D Begins: “C. Out serves. Any of the following results in…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Out serves. > Any of the following results in an out: - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Out serves. Any of the following results in an out: - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- C. -] [+ D. +] Out serves. > Any of the following results in an out: 1 word added, 1 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- C. -] [+ D. +] Out serves. > Any of the following results in an out: 1 word added, 1 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- C. -] [+ D. +] Out serves. Any of the following results in an out: 1 word added, 1 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > D. Out serves. [- > -] Any of the following results in an out: no words changed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > D. Out serves. [- > -] Any of the following results in an out: no words changed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > D. Out serves. [- > -] Any of the following results in an out: no words changed. 24 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).