# Rule 4.9 Technicals: how the wording changed (American one-wall, small ball) 48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 27 times. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 15 first recorded | | 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 15 first recorded | | 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 11 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 changed | | 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 1 first recorded, 10 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 changed | | 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 1 first recorded, 13 unchanged, 1 moved, 1 changed | | 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 16 unchanged | | 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 16 unchanged | | 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 16 unchanged | | 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 16 unchanged | | 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 16 unchanged | | 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 2 unchanged, 7 punctuation only, 7 reworded | | 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 12 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 3 reworded | | June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 16 unchanged | | June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 16 unchanged | | June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 16 unchanged | | May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 16 unchanged | | 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 12 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 2 reworded, 1 changed | | June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 14 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded | | 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 6 unchanged, 10 punctuation only | | 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 16 unchanged | | January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 16 unchanged | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 13 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 1 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 5 unchanged, 9 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 1 changed | | 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 6 unchanged, 6 punctuation only, 3 reworded, 1 changed | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 16 unchanged | | 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 5 unchanged, 9 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 1 changed | | 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | | 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 16 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 16 unchanged | | 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 16 unchanged | | 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 16 unchanged | | 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 16 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 16 unchanged | | 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 1 first recorded, 16 unchanged | | 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 16 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 16 unchanged | | 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 16 unchanged, 1 reworded | | 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 16 unchanged | | 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 16 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 16 unchanged | | 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 17 unchanged | | 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 17 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 16 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 17 unchanged | | 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only | ## The wording ### Rule 4.9, part 1 of 17 Begins: “A technical is assessed for un-sportsman like conduct or…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A technical is assessed for un-sportsman like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A technical is assessed for unsportsmanlike behavior or for improperly wearing eye protection. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A technical is assessed for [- un-sportsman like -] [+ unsportsman-like +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > A technical is assessed for [- un-sportsman like -] [+ unsportsman-like +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > A [- technical -] [+ tec hnical +] is assessed for [- unsportsmanlike behavior -] [+ unsportsmanlike-like conduct +] or for improperly wearing eye protection. 4 words added, 3 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. > A [- tec hnical -] [+ technical +] is assessed for unsportsmanlike-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsmanlike -] [+ unsportsman-like +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsmanlike-like -] [+ unsportsman-like +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike-like +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > A technical is assessed for [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.9, part 2 of 17 Begins: “If a referee issues a technical, one point shall…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offender's score. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offending side's score. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the [- offending side's -] [+ offender's +] score. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.9, part 3 of 17 Begins: “The technical has no effect on service changes or…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The technical has no effect on service changes or sideouts. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The technical has no effect on service changes or handouts. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > The technical has no effect on service changes or [- handouts. -] [+ side outs. +] 2 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > The technical has no effect on service changes or [- side outs. -] [+ sideouts. +] 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > The technical has no effect on service changes or [- sideouts. -] [+ side outs. +] 2 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.9, part 4 of 17 Begins: “If the technical occurs between games or when the…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If the technical occurs between games or when the offending side has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > If the technical occurs between games or when the [- offending side -] [+ offender +] has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one. 1 word added, 2 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score will be a negative one. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score will be a negative one. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the [- offender's -] [+ offender’s +] score will be a negative one. 1 word added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.9, part 5 of 17 Begins: “Three technicals in a match will result in a…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > Three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A side receiving three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > Three technicals in a [- match -] [+ match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a player or side +] will result in a forfeiture. 12 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > Three technicals in a [- match -] [+ match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a player or side +] will result in a forfeiture. 12 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- A side receiving three -] [+ Three +] technicals [+ (or two for eye protection) on a side +] in a match will result in a forfeiture. 9 words added, 4 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - **19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > Three technicals [- (or -] [+ in a match, or +] two for eye [- protection) -] [+ protection infractions, +] on a [- side in -] [+ singles player or +] a [- match -] [+ doubles team +] will result in a forfeiture. 11 words added, 5 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a [+ singles +] player or [- side -] [+ a doubles team +] will result in a forfeiture. 4 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a [+ singles +] player or [- side -] [+ a doubles team +] will result in a forfeiture. 4 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a [+ singles +] player or [- side -] [+ a doubles team +] will result in a forfeiture. 4 words added, 1 removed. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22 - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached. - New here: Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22 - **12 July 2019, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **27 November 2022, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 January 2024, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. - **26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Same words as the rulebook compared with. Interpretations: 3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged. ### Rule 4.9, item 1 Begins: “1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 1) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Too frequent complaints made against the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] judgment. 2 words added, 2 removed. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > 1) Too frequent [+ or excessive +] complaints made against the referee’s judgment. 2 words added. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Too frequent [+ or excessive +] complaints made against the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] judgment. 4 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 1.) -] [+ 1) +] Too frequent [+ or excessive +] complaints made against the [- referee's -] [+ referee’s +] judgment. 4 words added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Changed (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 1) -] [+ 1.) +] Too frequent [- or excessive -] complaints made against the referee’s judgment. 1 word added, 3 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 2 Begins: “2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2.) Abuse of appeal privileges. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 2) Abuse of appeal privileges. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Abuse of appeal privileges. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Abuse of appeal privileges. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Abuse of appeal privileges. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 2.) -] [+ 2) +] Abuse of appeal privileges. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 2) -] [+ 2.) +] Abuse of appeal privileges. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 3 Begins: “3.) Profanity.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3.) Profanity. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 3) Profanity. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 3) -] [+ 3.) +] Profanity. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Profanity. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Profanity. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 3.) -] [+ 3) +] Profanity. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 3) -] [+ 3.) +] Profanity. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 4 Begins: “4.) Excessive arguing.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4.) Excessive arguing. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 4) Excessive arguing. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Excessive arguing. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Excessive arguing. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Excessive arguing. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 4.) -] [+ 4) +] Excessive arguing. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 4) -] [+ 4.) +] Excessive arguing. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 5 Begins: “5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 5) -] [+ 5.) +] Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 1 word added, 1 removed. 7 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 5.) -] [+ 5) +] Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 1 word added, 1 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 5) -] [+ 5.) +] Threat of any nature to opponent or referee. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 6 Begins: “6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20). - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20). - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between [- rallies -] [+ rallies. +] (See Interpretation No. 20). 1 word added, 1 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between [- rallies -] [+ rallies. +] (See Interpretation No. 20). 1 word added, 1 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between [- rallies (See Interpretation No. 20). -] [+ rallies. +] 2 words added, 6 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. [- (See Interpretation No. 20). -] 4 words removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. [- (See Interpretation No. 20). -] 4 words removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 6.) -] [+ 6) +] Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. [- (See Interpretation No. 20). -] 1 word added, 5 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 6) -] [+ 6.) +] Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 7 Begins: “7.) Failure to properly wear eye protection.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 7.) Failure to properly wear eye protection. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 7) Failure to properly wear eye protection. 8 more rulebooks with the same words: - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 31 January 1999, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 7) -] [+ 7.) +] Failure to [- properly -] wear eye [- protection. -] [+ protection properly. +] 3 words added, 3 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Failure to [- properly -] wear eye [- protection. -] [+ protection properly. +] 2 words added, 2 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 7.) Failure to [- properly -] wear eye [- protection. -] [+ protection properly. +] 2 words added, 2 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Failure to wear eye protection properly. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Failure to wear eye protection properly. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 7.) -] [+ 7) +] Failure to [- properly -] wear eye [- protection. -] [+ protection properly. +] 3 words added, 3 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 7) -] [+ 7.) +] Failure to wear eye protection properly. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 8 Begins: “8.) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts.” - 31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: First recorded (automatic). > 8.) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 8) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 8) -] [+ 8.) +] Protests lost [- in the absence of timeouts. -] [+ after all timeouts have been used. +] 7 words added, 6 removed. - **15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 8.) Protests lost [- in the absence of timeouts. -] [+ after all timeouts have been used. +] 6 words added, 5 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - **13 October 2007, American three-wall**: Changed (automatic). Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999. > 8.) Protests lost [- in the absence of timeouts. -] [+ after all timeouts have been used. +] 6 words added, 5 removed. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 8.) -] [+ 8) +] Protests lost after all timeouts have been used. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 8.) -] [+ 8) +] Protests lost after all timeouts have been used. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Changed (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 8.) -] [+ 8) +] Protests lost [- in the absence of timeouts. -] [+ after all timeouts have been used. +] 7 words added, 6 removed. 4 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 8) -] [+ 8.) +] Protests lost after all timeouts have been used. 1 word added, 1 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item 9 Begins: “8.) Anything considered to be un-sportsman like behavior.” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 8.) Anything considered to be un-sportsman like behavior. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > 8) Anything considered to be unsportsmanlike behavior. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 8.) -] [+ 9.) +] Anything considered to be [- un-sportsman like -] [+ unsportsman-like +] behavior. 2 words added, 3 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- 8.) -] [+ 9.) +] Anything considered to be [- un-sportsman like -] [+ unsportsman-like +] behavior. 2 words added, 3 removed. - **2000, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Moved (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. > [- 8) -] [+ 9) +] Anything considered to be unsportsmanlike behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. 5 more rulebooks with the same words: - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. > [- 9) -] [+ 9.) +] Anything considered to be [- unsportsmanlike -] [+ unsportsman-like +] behavior. 2 words added, 2 removed. 6 more rulebooks with the same words: - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - **June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. > 9.) Anything considered [- to be unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] behavior. 1 word added, 3 removed. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > [- 9.) -] [+ 9) +] Anything considered to be [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] behavior. 2 words added, 2 removed. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - **6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. > 9) Anything considered to be [- unsportsmanlike -] [+ unsportsman-like +] behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > [- 9.) -] [+ 9) +] Anything considered [- unsportsmanlike -] [+ to be unsportsman-like +] behavior. 4 words added, 2 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > [- 9.) -] [+ 9) +] Anything considered to be unsportsman-like behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. > 9) Anything considered to be [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. > 9) Anything considered to be [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. > 9) Anything considered to be [- unsportsman-like -] [+ unsportsmanlike +] behavior. 1 word added, 1 removed. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - **27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. > [- 9) -] [+ 9.) +] Anything considered [- to be -] unsportsmanlike behavior. 1 word added, 3 removed. 19 more rulebooks with the same words: - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item A Begins: “A.Types. Some examples of actions that may result in…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A.Types. > Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are: Interpretations: 2 interpretations attached. - New here: If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called. - New here: On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > A. Types. Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are: - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- A.Types. > -] [+ A. Types. +] Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are: 2 words added, 1 removed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > [- A.Types. > -] [+ A. Types. +] Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are: 2 words added, 1 removed. 44 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - 2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. - 6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item B Begins: “B. Warnings. If a player's behavior is not so…” - **20 June 1990, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Warnings. > If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. > A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. - **14 October 1994, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > B. Warnings. If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. - **31 January 1999, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. Warnings. [- > -] If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. [- > -] A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. no words changed. - **31 January 1999, American four-wall**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. > B. Warnings. [- > -] If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. [- > -] A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. no words changed. 14 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2000, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. - 9 March 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 7 October 2001, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 8 April 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 20 August 2002, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 19 January 2005, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - 1 April 2005, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. - 15 April 2005, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2006, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). - June 2006, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - June 2006, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. - May 2007, USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006. - 13 October 2007, American three-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. - June 2008, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. - **2012, USHA Four-Wall Rules**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. > B. Warnings. If a [- player's -] [+ player’s +] behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. 1 word added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 2014, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - January 2014, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. - 6 February 2015, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. - **6 February 2015, USHA One-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. > B. Warnings. If a [- player's -] [+ player’s +] behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. 1 word added, 1 removed. - **6 February 2015, USHA Three-Wall Addendum**: Unchanged (automatic). Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004. > B. Warnings. If a [- player's -] [+ player’s +] behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary. 1 word added, 1 removed. 24 more rulebooks with the same words: - 22 January 2017, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA One-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 22 January 2017, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. - 27 January 2019, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. - 27 January 2019, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. - 12 July 2019, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 12 July 2019, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. - 26 January 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. - 20 September 2020, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 21 September 2020, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. - 22 January 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. - 9 December 2021, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 23 January 2022, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. - 27 November 2022, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 January 2024, American four-wall: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA Four-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. - 26 January 2025, USHA Three-Wall Addendum: Unchanged (automatic). Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. ### Rule 4.9, item C Begins: “C. Duplicity. If a player’s behavior is severe enough…” - **22 January 2021, USHA One-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > C. Duplicity. If a player’s behavior is severe enough to warrant a technical, the technical may be assessed in addition to any other penalty, including an avoidable hinder. - **23 January 2022, USHA One-Wall Rules**: Reworded (machine-reviewed). Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. > C. [- Duplicity. -] [+ Multiple penalties. +] If a player’s behavior is severe enough to warrant a technical, the technical may be assessed in addition to any other penalty, including an avoidable hinder. 2 words added, 1 removed. 3 more rulebooks with the same words: - 26 January 2024, USHA One-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). - 17 July 2024, American one-wall, small ball: Unchanged (automatic). - 26 January 2025, USHA One-Wall Rulebook: Unchanged (automatic). All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).