# Rule 5 Hinders: how the wording changed (American four-wall (DESHONG side line))

2 rulebooks state this rule, from 1893 to 1903. No rewording or change was found.

## How to read this

- Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -].
- Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed.
- A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either.

## Rulebook by rulebook

| Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1893 | Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893 | 7 first recorded |
| 1903 | Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1903 | 4 unchanged, 3 punctuation only |

## The wording

### Rule 5, part 1 of 7

Begins: “A hinder is when a ball strikes your opponent…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > A hinder is when a ball strikes your opponent and retards it from reaching the front wall.

- 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

### Rule 5, part 2 of 7

Begins: “For instance, if the recoverer of service should strike…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > For instance, if the recoverer of service should strike either of his opponents with the ball on the way to its destination, it is termed a hinder.

- 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

### Rule 5, part 3 of 7

Begins: “If said recoverer, however, strikes his partner instead of…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > If said recoverer, however, strikes his partner instead of an opponent, it is an ace against him.

- 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

### Rule 5, part 4 of 7

Begins: “Then again, if the server should be hit by…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > Then again, if the server should be hit by his partner’s ball it is a hand out.

- **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893.

  > [- Then -] [+ Then, +] again, if the server should be hit by his partner’s [- ball -] [+ ball, +] it is a hand out.
  
  2 words added, 2 removed.

### Rule 5, part 5 of 7

Begins: “A great many of these hindrances are accidents pure…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > A great many of these hindrances are accidents pure and simple, but in some instances they can be avoided, and, if in the opinion of the referee the hinder was intentional, an ace can be counted against the side committing it, or a hand be declared out just as the case may be.

- **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893.

  > A great many of these hindrances are [- accidents -] [+ accidents, +] pure and simple, but in some instances they can be avoided, [- and, if -] [+ and if, +] in the opinion of the [- referee -] [+ referee, +] the hinder was intentional, an ace can be counted against the side committing it, or a hand be declared [- out -] [+ out, +] just as the case may be.
  
  5 words added, 5 removed.

### Rule 5, part 6 of 7

Begins: “A server at work frequently hits his partner while…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > A server at work frequently hits his partner while standing within the ace line; this is also called a hinder.

- 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic).

### Rule 5, part 7 of 7

Begins: “If a ball from a server strikes either of…”

- **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic).

  > If a ball from a server strikes either of his opponents, before or after bounding, it becomes non-playable and is counted an ace.

- **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893.

  > If a ball from a server strikes either of his opponents, before or after bounding, it becomes [- non-playable -] [+ nonplayable +] and is counted an ace.
  
  1 word added, 1 removed.

All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).