# Rule 9 Referee: how the wording changed (American four-wall (DESHONG side line)) 2 rulebooks state this rule, from 1893 to 1903. No rewording or change was found. ## How to read this - Added words are marked [+ like this +]; removed words [- like this -]. - Each rulebook says what kind of change it is: unchanged, punctuation only, moved, reworded or changed. - A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either. ## Rulebook by rulebook | Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change | | --- | --- | --- | | 1893 | Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893 | 11 first recorded | | 1903 | Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1903 | 7 unchanged, 4 punctuation only | ## The wording ### Rule 9, part 1 of 11 Begins: “All claims shall be decided by the referee, whose…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > All claims shall be decided by the referee, whose decisions are final. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 2 of 11 Begins: “Twenty years ago men could play under any conditions—bare…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > Twenty years ago men could play under any conditions—bare feet was a favorite with many, while in other instances scanty attire prevailed. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 3 of 11 Begins: “If a man were to appear under these circumstances…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If a man were to appear under these circumstances at the present time he would soon be told that he was not wanted. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 4 of 11 Begins: “This is one of the most interesting features connected…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > This is one of the most interesting features connected with the game as it is played in America. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 5 of 11 Begins: “If there is a single-handed or double-handed match, a…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If there is a single-handed or double-handed match, a man is usually selected for referee who has the entire confidence of the principals and spectators, and strange to say that in all the important contests within the experience of the writer, it has never been a difficult matter to agree upon that official. - **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893. > If there is a single-handed or double-handed match, a man is usually selected for referee who has the entire confidence of the principals and spectators, and strange to [- say -] [+ say, +] that in all the important contests within the experience of the writer, it has never been a difficult matter to agree upon that official. 1 word added, 1 removed. ### Rule 9, part 6 of 11 Begins: “And his labors are very exacting, too, and without…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > And his labors are very exacting, too, and without he makes himself master of the situation at once, he will be in a far worse position than the poor umpire on a baseball field. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 7 of 11 Begins: “But, a conflict between a handball player and a…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > But, a conflict between a handball player and a referee rarely occurs. - **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893. > [- But, -] [+ But +] a conflict between a handball player and a referee rarely occurs. 1 word added, 1 removed. ### Rule 9, part 8 of 11 Begins: “If an appeal is made by a player, and…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > If an appeal is made by a player, and sometimes it is done very vigorously, the referee generally decides the point quickly and with such firmness that convinces the player, that to dispute the decision would be useless and costly. - **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (automatic). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893. > If an appeal is made by a player, and sometimes it is done very vigorously, the referee generally decides the point quickly and with such firmness that convinces the [- player, -] [+ player +] that to dispute the decision would be useless and costly. 1 word added, 1 removed. ### Rule 9, part 9 of 11 Begins: “The referee has the power to inflict various punishments…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > The referee has the power to inflict various punishments upon those who violate the playing rules, and obedience to that official is considered to be imperative. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). ### Rule 9, part 10 of 11 Begins: “While not being covered by the rules, it is…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > While not being covered by the rules, it is incumbent upon each and every man to make as neat appearance as possible while in the court. - **1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: Punctuation only (machine-reviewed). Compared with Deshong Four-Wall Rules, 1893. > While not being covered by the rules, it is incumbent upon each and every man to make as neat [+ an +] appearance as possible while in the court. 1 word added. ### Rule 9, part 11 of 11 Begins: “This is carried out in almost every instance, and…” - **1893, Deshong Four-Wall Rules**: First recorded (automatic). > This is carried out in almost every instance, and in no other athletic exercise is this feature so strictly observed. - 1903, Deshong Four-Wall Rules: Unchanged (automatic). All rules: [clause history](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/).