# Rule 4.9 Technicals (USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990, historical)

> **Historical rulebook: not the current rules.** The current rules are here: https://handball.theperfectship.com/rules/four-wall/

USHA rules text used with permission of the U.S. Handball Association (ushandball.org); credit: U.S. Handball Association. Source: https://www.ushandball.org/

A technical is assessed for un-sportsman like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection. If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offender's score. The technical has no effect on service changes or sideouts. If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one. Three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture.

A.Types.

Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:

1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.

2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.

3.) Profanity.

4.) Excessive arguing.

5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.

6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20).

7.) Failure to properly wear eye protection.

8.) Anything considered to be un-sportsman like behavior.

## B. Warnings

If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.

## Mentioned here

- [Player](https://handball.theperfectship.com/player.md)
- [Opponent](https://handball.theperfectship.com/opponent.md)
- [Referee](https://handball.theperfectship.com/match-referee.md)
- [Rally](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rally.md)
- [Technical](https://handball.theperfectship.com/technical.md)
- [Warning](https://handball.theperfectship.com/warning.md)
- [Appeal](https://handball.theperfectship.com/appeal.md)
- [Ball](https://handball.theperfectship.com/ball.md)
- [Eye protection](https://handball.theperfectship.com/eye-protection.md)
- [Point](https://handball.theperfectship.com/point.md)
- [Game, match, tiebreaker](https://handball.theperfectship.com/game.md)

How this rule changed: [wording in every rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/code-onewall-smallball/4-9.md)

## Relationships

- Player relates to Opponent: mentioned together in 19 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Referee: mentioned together in 30 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Rally: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Ball: mentioned together in 30 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Point: mentioned together in 12 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Game, match, tiebreaker: mentioned together in 8 sub-rules.
- Opponent relates to Ball: mentioned together in 18 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Rally: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Ball: mentioned together in 19 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Point: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Rally relates to Ball: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Ball relates to Point: mentioned together in 11 sub-rules.
- No link to the other terms shown: Appeal, Technical, Warning, Eye protection.
- 29 weaker links (terms mentioned together in few sub-rules) are not drawn.

Rulebook: [USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-1990-06-20.md)

Source: The Official United States Handball Association Handball Rules With Interpretations and One-Wall and Three-Wall Addendum Revised 1991 (Wayback capture 19980519203944 of cohandball.com). USHA rules text, used with the USHA's written permission (letter not yet filed).