# Rule 4.5 Changes of serve (USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999, historical)

> **Historical rulebook: not the current rules.** The current rules are here: https://handball.theperfectship.com/rules/four-wall/

USHA rules text used with permission of the U.S. Handball Association (ushandball.org); credit: U.S. Handball Association. Source: https://www.ushandball.org/

A server continues serving until he or his side makes an out. When the server or the side loses the serve, they become the receiver or receiving side, and the receiving side becomes the serving side; and so alternately in all subsequent services of the game. Outs are made by:

## A. Out serve

The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3 D.

## B. Fault serves

The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3 C.

## C. Hits partner

The server hits his partner with an attempted return.

## D. Return failure

The server or his partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4 C.

## E. Avoidable hinder

The server or his partner commits an avoidable hinder (See rule 4.8).

## F. Second out

In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule 4.2 A.

## Mentioned here

- [Server](https://handball.theperfectship.com/server.md)
- [Receiver](https://handball.theperfectship.com/receiver.md)
- [Partner](https://handball.theperfectship.com/partner.md)
- [Serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/serve.md)
- [Hinder](https://handball.theperfectship.com/hinder.md)
- [Avoidable hinder](https://handball.theperfectship.com/avoidable-hinder.md)
- [Fault serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/fault-serve.md)
- [Out serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/out-serve.md)
- [Ball](https://handball.theperfectship.com/ball.md)
- [Game, match, tiebreaker](https://handball.theperfectship.com/game.md)
- [Doubles](https://handball.theperfectship.com/doubles.md)

How this rule changed: [wording in every rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/code-onewall-smallball/4-5.md)

## Relationships

- Server relates to Serve: mentioned together in 15 sub-rules.
- Server relates to Fault serve: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Server relates to Ball: mentioned together in 13 sub-rules.
- Partner relates to Ball: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Partner relates to Doubles: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Fault serve: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Ball: mentioned together in 16 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Game, match, tiebreaker: mentioned together in 8 sub-rules.
- Hinder relates to Avoidable hinder: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Hinder relates to Ball: mentioned together in 19 sub-rules.
- Avoidable hinder relates to Ball: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- Fault serve relates to Ball: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- No link to the other terms shown: Receiver, Out serve.
- 22 weaker links (terms mentioned together in few sub-rules) are not drawn.

Rulebook: [USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-1999-01-31.md)

Source: The Official USHA Handball Rules, 1999 (Wayback capture 20000914195049 of cohandball.com). USHA rules text, used with the USHA's written permission (letter not yet filed).