# Rule 4.5 Changes of serve (USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014, historical)

> **Historical rulebook: not the current rules.** The current rules are here: https://handball.theperfectship.com/rules/four-wall/

USHA rules text used with permission of the U.S. Handball Association (ushandball.org); credit: U.S. Handball Association. Source: https://www.ushandball.org/

A server continues serving until he/she or his/her side makes an out. When the server or the side loses the serve, they become the receiver or receiving side, and the receiving side becomes the serving side; and so alternately in all subsequent services of the game. Outs are made by:

## A. Out serve

The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3.D.

## B. Fault serves

The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3.C.

## C. Hits partner

The server hits his/her partner with an attempted return.

## D. Return failure

The server or his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4.C.

## E. Avoidable hinder

The server or his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder (See Rule 4.8).

## F. Second out

In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule 4.2.A.

## Mentioned here

- [Server](https://handball.theperfectship.com/server.md)
- [Receiver](https://handball.theperfectship.com/receiver.md)
- [Partner](https://handball.theperfectship.com/partner.md)
- [Serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/serve.md)
- [Hinder](https://handball.theperfectship.com/hinder.md)
- [Avoidable hinder](https://handball.theperfectship.com/avoidable-hinder.md)
- [Fault serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/fault-serve.md)
- [Out serve](https://handball.theperfectship.com/out-serve.md)
- [Ball](https://handball.theperfectship.com/ball.md)
- [Game, match, tiebreaker](https://handball.theperfectship.com/game.md)
- [Doubles](https://handball.theperfectship.com/doubles.md)

How this rule changed: [wording in every rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/code-onewall-smallball/4-5.md)

## Relationships

- Server relates to Serve: mentioned together in 12 sub-rules.
- Server relates to Fault serve: mentioned together in 6 sub-rules.
- Server relates to Ball: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Partner relates to Hinder: mentioned together in 6 sub-rules.
- Partner relates to Ball: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Partner relates to Doubles: mentioned together in 8 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Fault serve: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Ball: mentioned together in 13 sub-rules.
- Serve relates to Game, match, tiebreaker: mentioned together in 8 sub-rules.
- Hinder relates to Avoidable hinder: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Hinder relates to Ball: mentioned together in 15 sub-rules.
- Avoidable hinder relates to Ball: mentioned together in 7 sub-rules.
- No link to the other terms shown: Receiver, Out serve.
- 21 weaker links (terms mentioned together in few sub-rules) are not drawn.

Rulebook: [USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-fourwall-2014.md)

Source: The Official USHA Handball Rules, 2014 (Wayback capture 20140715190513 of ushandball.org). USHA rules text, used with the USHA's written permission (letter not yet filed).