# Rule 4.9 Technicals (USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994, historical)

> **Historical rulebook: not the current rules.** The current rules are here: https://handball.theperfectship.com/rules/one-wall/

USHA rules text used with permission of the U.S. Handball Association (ushandball.org); credit: U.S. Handball Association. Source: https://www.ushandball.org/

A technical is assessed for unsportsmanlike behavior or for improperly wearing eye protection. If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offending side's score. The technical has no effect on service changes or handouts. If the technical occurs between games or when the offending side has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one. A side receiving three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture.

## A. Types

Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:

1) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.

2) Abuse of appeal privileges.

3) Profanity.

4) Excessive arguing.

5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.

6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20).

7) Failure to properly wear eye protection.

8) Anything considered to be unsportsmanlike behavior.

## B. Warnings

If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.

## Mentioned here

- [Player](https://handball.theperfectship.com/player.md)
- [Opponent](https://handball.theperfectship.com/opponent.md)
- [Referee](https://handball.theperfectship.com/match-referee.md)
- [Rally](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rally.md)
- [Technical](https://handball.theperfectship.com/technical.md)
- [Warning](https://handball.theperfectship.com/warning.md)
- [Appeal](https://handball.theperfectship.com/appeal.md)
- [Ball](https://handball.theperfectship.com/ball.md)
- [Eye protection](https://handball.theperfectship.com/eye-protection.md)
- [Point](https://handball.theperfectship.com/point.md)
- [Game, match, tiebreaker](https://handball.theperfectship.com/game.md)
- [Hand-out](https://handball.theperfectship.com/hand-out.md)

How this rule changed: [wording in every rulebook](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/clause-history/code-onewall-smallball/4-9.md)

## Relationships

- Player relates to Opponent: mentioned together in 20 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Referee: mentioned together in 29 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Rally: mentioned together in 11 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Ball: mentioned together in 32 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Point: mentioned together in 12 sub-rules.
- Player relates to Game, match, tiebreaker: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Opponent relates to Ball: mentioned together in 19 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Rally: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Ball: mentioned together in 21 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Point: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Referee relates to Game, match, tiebreaker: mentioned together in 9 sub-rules.
- Rally relates to Ball: mentioned together in 10 sub-rules.
- Ball relates to Point: mentioned together in 12 sub-rules.
- No link to the other terms shown: Appeal, Hand-out, Technical, Warning, Eye protection.
- 27 weaker links (terms mentioned together in few sub-rules) are not drawn.

Rulebook: [USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994](https://handball.theperfectship.com/rulebooks/usha-onewall-1994-10-14.md)

Source: The New and Official United States Handball Association One-Wall Rules With Interpretations 1995 (Wayback capture 19970131180607 of ushandball.org). USHA rules text, used with the USHA's written permission (letter not yet filed).