Rule changes by concept and year

Which parts of the rules changed, and when. Each row is a concept, such as serving or appeals. Each column is a year from 1886 to 2026.

Each cell counts the clauses of that concept that changed against the previous edition of the same code, for editions dated that year. Across all codes there are 14,837 such changes. The most fall in 2025 (3,380), 2020 (2,842), 2026 (2,134). The concepts with the most are Tournament administration (732), Ball: specification (413), Obstruction: unintentional interference replayed (dead-ball hinder) (371), Officials: referee's charge and powers (354), Obstruction: penalised (intentional / avoidable) interference (335). A clause that belongs to several concepts is counted once for each.

The family tree shows which edition came from which, and Compare codes shows the codes side by side for one year.

Key

Compared, nothing changed
1 clause
2 to 3 clauses
4 to 9 clauses
10 to 24 clauses
25 or more clauses
Blank: nothing to compare

The number in each cell is the count. Darker cells have larger counts.

Clauses changed, by concept (rows) and year (columns): All codes, all changes
Concept	1886	1889	1893	1903	1915	1920	1922	1923	1927	1928	1931	1990	1994	1999	2000	2001	2002	2005	2006	2007	2008	2012	2014	2015	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2024	2025	2026
Appeals and finality	none	2 changed	13 changed	19 changed	1 changed	4 changed	5 changed	none	none	1 changed	2 changed	30 changed	11 changed	20 changed	1 changed	none	none	21 changed	none	12 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	25 changed	none	2 changed	10 changed	18 changed	38 changed
Ball from the wall hits a player						5 changed	2 changed	none	1 changed	4 changed	2 changed	7 changed	5 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	7 changed	none	5 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	none	none	none	none	none
Ball hits an official or spectator							2 changed						1 changed		1 changed	none	none	none	none		none		none	none	1 changed		none	none	none	none	none	none
Ball hits opponent	1 changed	2 changed	15 changed	22 changed	3 changed	6 changed	2 changed	none	none	3 changed	3 changed	6 changed	4 changed	8 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	43 changed	none	none	7 changed	49 changed	11 changed
Ball hits the hitter or his partner	none	2 changed	8 changed	10 changed		3 changed	2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	2 changed	2 changed	5 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	none	3 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	16 changed	none	none	1 changed	9 changed	9 changed
Ball: broken ball												8 changed	3 changed	14 changed	2 changed	none	none	11 changed	3 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	1 changed		none	50 changed	none	1 changed	11 changed	37 changed	36 changed
Ball: selection by the referee						2 changed	1 changed	none	none	3 changed	7 changed	7 changed	3 changed	none	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none		none	59 changed	none	none	15 changed	67 changed	13 changed
Ball: specification	none	2 changed	18 changed	33 changed		3 changed	3 changed	1 changed	none	3 changed	14 changed	20 changed	12 changed	10 changed	1 changed	none	none	16 changed	none	7 changed	2 changed	none	8 changed	1 changed	1 changed		none	76 changed	none	none	25 changed	143 changed	14 changed
Ball: wet ball							2 changed			2 changed	1 changed	17 changed	2 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	2 changed	none	50 changed	none	none	11 changed	37 changed	58 changed
Catching or stopping the ball	none	4 changed	2 changed		5 changed	2 changed	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	4 changed	4 changed	8 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	4 changed	1 changed	none	4 changed	5 changed	none	none	1 changed	27 changed	44 changed
Ceiling and overhead obstructions					3 changed		1 changed		1 changed		1 changed	3 changed	4 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	25 changed	1 changed		3 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	1 changed
Change of serve	none	8 changed	16 changed	10 changed	5 changed	10 changed	4 changed	1 changed	1 changed	6 changed	4 changed	26 changed	17 changed	17 changed	3 changed	none	none	20 changed	11 changed	9 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	18 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	10 changed	9 changed
Conduct and player code				1 changed		1 changed						3 changed	3 changed	2 changed	1 changed	none	2 changed	12 changed	none	7 changed	none	1 changed	none	1 changed	none	17 changed	none	4 changed	none	3 changed	6 changed	none	38 changed
Court: dimensions						4 changed	11 changed	1 changed	4 changed	8 changed	4 changed	9 changed	8 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	3 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	3 changed	3 changed	none		3 changed	71 changed	none	none	none	88 changed	51 changed
Court: line marking							2 changed					16 changed	9 changed	14 changed	1 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	none		1 changed	23 changed	none	none	none	79 changed	49 changed
Court: long (back) line							10 changed		1 changed		1 changed		3 changed		none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	none	none		none	3 changed	none	none	none	59 changed	27 changed
Court: receiving and playing zones													2 changed		none	none	none	none	none		none		none	none	none		none	none	none	none	none	54 changed	27 changed
Court: run-off area around the floor							2 changed						1 changed		none	none	none	1 changed	none		none		1 changed	none			none	none	none	none	none	54 changed	27 changed
Court: service zone	1 changed	2 changed	14 changed	10 changed		9 changed	4 changed	none	3 changed	8 changed	6 changed	19 changed	11 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none		none	23 changed	none	none	none	79 changed	49 changed
Court: short line (minimum serve length)	1 changed	2 changed	14 changed	8 changed		3 changed	4 changed	none	4 changed	7 changed	4 changed	10 changed	6 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	1 changed	none		1 changed	25 changed	none	none	none	79 changed	49 changed
Court: towels and wiping																											10 changed	none	none	none	none	none
Court: turns when others are waiting					1 changed
Court: wall surface and top							5 changed						2 changed		1 changed	none	none	none	none		none		none	none	none		none	5 changed	none	none	none	79 changed	66 changed
Doubles: alternating service and positions							2 changed
Doubles: serving order and first hand	none	2 changed	8 changed	9 changed							4 changed	17 changed	7 changed	4 changed	1 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	4 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	55 changed	none	none	21 changed	80 changed	40 changed
Doubles: serving to each receiver in turn						2 changed		none		1 changed		7 changed	1 changed	none	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	none	none	none	none	none
Drugs, alcohol and smoking																										6 changed							4 changed
Equipment: dress and uniform				3 changed		3 changed				1 changed	1 changed	18 changed	6 changed	18 changed	2 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	3 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	1 changed	none		1 changed	12 changed	none	none	7 changed	40 changed	8 changed
Equipment: eye protection												8 changed	4 changed	8 changed	1 changed	none	none	13 changed	none	3 changed	1 changed	none	3 changed	1 changed	none		2 changed	45 changed	none	none	5 changed	33 changed	22 changed
Equipment: gloves				3 changed		6 changed	2 changed	none		5 changed	none	19 changed	6 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	10 changed	none	4 changed	1 changed	none	3 changed	1 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	38 changed	none	none	1 changed	35 changed	34 changed
First service (toss)	none	2 changed	8 changed	10 changed		3 changed	2 changed	none	2 changed	2 changed	1 changed	8 changed	5 changed	14 changed	1 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	24 changed	none	none	2 changed	33 changed	15 changed
Forfeits for no-show, late start and defaults	none	2 changed	2 changed						2 changed	1 changed	5 changed	23 changed	15 changed	28 changed	1 changed	none	none	10 changed	2 changed	3 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	1 changed		1 changed	29 changed	none	none	28 changed	55 changed	30 changed
Game length	none	2 changed	2 changed	3 changed	1 changed	4 changed	2 changed	none	1 changed	1 changed	3 changed	8 changed	8 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	5 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	none		1 changed	7 changed	none	none	1 changed	7 changed	1 changed
Game types: singles, doubles, cutthroat	none	2 changed	8 changed	9 changed		7 changed		4 changed		7 changed	3 changed	13 changed	4 changed	2 changed	2 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none		none	14 changed	none	none	none	4 changed	3 changed
Hinder fault (serving side)													2 changed		1 changed	none	none	1 changed	none		none		none	6 changed	none	none	6 changed	37 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	5 changed
Injury time							2 changed		2 changed	1 changed	3 changed	9 changed	3 changed	14 changed	1 changed	6 changed	1 changed	11 changed	none	6 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	74 changed	3 changed	none	38 changed	77 changed	42 changed
Lines: ball on a line							2 changed				none	4 changed	4 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	7 changed	none	none	none	none
Match format				2 changed		2 changed	2 changed		1 changed	1 changed	3 changed	8 changed	8 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	5 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	none		1 changed	12 changed	none	none	1 changed	7 changed	1 changed
Obstruction: benefit of the doubt						3 changed		none		2 changed		8 changed	5 changed	14 changed	1 changed	none	none	7 changed	none	2 changed	1 changed	none	none	none	none		none	23 changed	none	none	7 changed	49 changed	5 changed
Obstruction: blocking the view (covered ball / screen)						6 changed		3 changed		5 changed	4 changed	22 changed	2 changed	20 changed	1 changed	none	none	4 changed	none	3 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	25 changed	none	none	3 changed	43 changed	24 changed
Obstruction: duty to give way				3 changed	3 changed	10 changed	4 changed	1 changed		4 changed	2 changed	16 changed	6 changed	14 changed	2 changed	none	none	13 changed	none	5 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	41 changed	none	none	7 changed	40 changed	9 changed
Obstruction: either doubles partner may claim						4 changed	1 changed	3 changed	none	2 changed	3 changed	6 changed	2 changed	6 changed	1 changed	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	41 changed	none	none	7 changed	49 changed	5 changed
Obstruction: interference by one's partner						2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	none	2 changed	2 changed	9 changed	2 changed	14 changed				1 changed	none	1 changed		none	none	none	none		none	none	none	none	none	none
Obstruction: legal block by position							4 changed		2 changed		2 changed		4 changed		none	none	none	1 changed	none		none		none	6 changed	none		6 changed	37 changed	none	none	none	21 changed	5 changed
Obstruction: penalised (intentional / avoidable) interference	none	2 changed	8 changed	13 changed		5 changed	3 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	4 changed	31 changed	22 changed	12 changed	4 changed	none	none	82 changed	none	24 changed	2 changed	none	1 changed	3 changed	none	none	3 changed	31 changed	1 changed	none	3 changed	49 changed	30 changed
Obstruction: unintentional interference replayed (dead-ball hinder)			7 changed	13 changed		7 changed	2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	2 changed	3 changed	53 changed	17 changed	62 changed	4 changed	1 changed	none	31 changed	none	16 changed	1 changed	none	none	22 changed	none		14 changed	46 changed	5 changed	none	7 changed	51 changed	5 changed
Obstruction: who calls hinders				3 changed		5 changed	1 changed	none	none	3 changed	3 changed	18 changed	5 changed	10 changed	2 changed	1 changed	none	7 changed	none	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	32 changed	1 changed	none	7 changed	50 changed	25 changed
Officials: line official							3 changed		1 changed		2 changed	15 changed	5 changed	14 changed	6 changed	none	none	13 changed	none	4 changed	none	none	2 changed	3 changed	none		3 changed	41 changed	none	none	2 changed	27 changed	13 changed
Officials: referee's charge and powers				3 changed		3 changed	2 changed					61 changed	23 changed	70 changed	5 changed	none	none	26 changed	2 changed	7 changed	1 changed	none	2 changed	19 changed	2 changed		17 changed	30 changed	none	8 changed	12 changed	39 changed	22 changed
Officials: scorer				3 changed		5 changed	3 changed	none	1 changed	2 changed	4 changed	6 changed	5 changed	2 changed	1 changed	none	none	7 changed	none	3 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	1 changed	none	none	none	4 changed	none
Officials: who officiates	none	2 changed	13 changed	20 changed		5 changed	2 changed	none	3 changed	3 changed	8 changed	17 changed	9 changed	12 changed	4 changed	none	none	8 changed	none	3 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	14 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	3 changed
Penalty: disqualification, suspension and bans																										9 changed							9 changed
Penalty: leaving the court						2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	2 changed	3 changed	7 changed	5 changed	6 changed	none	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	26 changed	none	none	10 changed	39 changed	45 changed
Penalty: point deduction (fine / technical)							6 changed					20 changed	17 changed	14 changed	4 changed	none	none	22 changed	none	6 changed	2 changed	none	none	3 changed	1 changed	1 changed	1 changed	28 changed	2 changed	2 changed	9 changed	25 changed	25 changed
Penalty: refusing the referee's decision				3 changed		5 changed	3 changed	none	none	2 changed	2 changed	4 changed	3 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	1 changed	1 changed		none	26 changed	none	none	10 changed	39 changed	22 changed
Rally: ball landing out	1 changed	2 changed	1 changed				3 changed		2 changed		2 changed	8 changed	3 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	6 changed	none	4 changed	none	none	none	19 changed	none		1 changed	64 changed	none	none	12 changed	43 changed	36 changed
Rally: failure to return	none	2 changed	13 changed	10 changed	1 changed	10 changed	2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	6 changed	4 changed	22 changed	30 changed	4 changed	2 changed	none	none	29 changed	3 changed	3 changed	4 changed	none	none	18 changed	none		none	32 changed	1 changed	3 changed	13 changed	44 changed	36 changed
Rally: one touch only	none	2 changed	1 changed			2 changed	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	3 changed	5 changed	3 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	53 changed	none	none	13 changed	37 changed	36 changed
Rally: play before the second bounce	none	2 changed	13 changed	10 changed		7 changed	2 changed		none	4 changed	3 changed	12 changed	4 changed	10 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	3 changed	none	none	none	none
Rally: swing and miss, further attempts							1 changed					8 changed	4 changed	14 changed	1 changed	none	none	6 changed	none	3 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	50 changed	none	none	11 changed	37 changed	36 changed
Replays and play stoppages												7 changed	3 changed	none	2 changed	none	none	15 changed	2 changed	2 changed	3 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	50 changed	1 changed	6 changed	12 changed	37 changed	47 changed
Return of serve: on the fly							3 changed		none		2 changed	4 changed	3 changed	8 changed	none	1 changed	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none		none	6 changed	none	none	2 changed	3 changed	9 changed
Return: front wall before floor					6 changed	4 changed	3 changed	none	2 changed	7 changed	2 changed	12 changed	4 changed	12 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	6 changed	none	none	2 changed	3 changed	9 changed
Scoring: who scores and the unit	2 changed	2 changed	13 changed	8 changed	1 changed	4 changed	4 changed	1 changed	1 changed	6 changed	4 changed	10 changed	7 changed	1 changed	1 changed	none	none	4 changed	11 changed	2 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	11 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none
Serve hits a player	none	2 changed	8 changed	13 changed		5 changed		none		6 changed	2 changed	12 changed	2 changed	9 changed	1 changed	none	none	2 changed	none	2 changed	none	none	none	3 changed	1 changed	none	3 changed	51 changed	none	none	20 changed	64 changed	46 changed
Serve: dead-ball serves and court hinders												21 changed	6 changed	41 changed	4 changed	none	none	6 changed	5 changed	3 changed	1 changed	none	none	5 changed	2 changed		7 changed	52 changed	2 changed	none	20 changed	66 changed	39 changed
Serve: faults on the rebound (walls, ceiling, out of court)	none	2 changed	1 changed		3 changed					4 changed	6 changed	10 changed		4 changed				none	none	none		none	none	none	none		none	48 changed	none	none	20 changed	62 changed	39 changed
Serve: faults that lose the serve	none	2 changed	13 changed	10 changed	5 changed	9 changed	2 changed	none	none	2 changed	2 changed	25 changed	14 changed	20 changed	6 changed	none	none	19 changed	none	7 changed	none	none	2 changed	2 changed	none		none	59 changed	1 changed	none	20 changed	64 changed	39 changed
Serve: foot fault			12 changed	10 changed	5 changed	10 changed	3 changed	none	2 changed	6 changed	9 changed	13 changed	9 changed	14 changed	2 changed	none	none	8 changed	none	3 changed	none	none	1 changed	5 changed	1 changed	none	5 changed	48 changed	none	none	20 changed	64 changed	42 changed
Serve: how it is put in play	1 changed	2 changed	2 changed		5 changed	4 changed	5 changed	none	1 changed	5 changed	4 changed	16 changed	7 changed	14 changed	1 changed	none	none	7 changed	1 changed	3 changed	none	none	2 changed	5 changed	1 changed		4 changed	70 changed	1 changed	1 changed	22 changed	97 changed	49 changed
Serve: landing outside the side lines					3 changed		2 changed		1 changed		1 changed		3 changed		none	none	none	none	none		none		none	3 changed	1 changed		3 changed	7 changed	none	1 changed	none	25 changed	39 changed
Serve: long							2 changed		none		none	1 changed	3 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	29 changed	2 changed		3 changed	65 changed	none	none	21 changed	67 changed	39 changed
Serve: missed serve						4 changed	3 changed	none	1 changed	5 changed	4 changed	8 changed	5 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	55 changed	none	none	20 changed	64 changed	39 changed
Serve: must hit the front wall first	none	2 changed	13 changed	10 changed	5 changed	9 changed	3 changed	none	1 changed	2 changed	5 changed	9 changed	6 changed	none	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	55 changed	none	none	20 changed	64 changed	39 changed
Serve: playing a fault serve	3 changed	7 changed	9 changed	7 changed		6 changed	3 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	2 changed	4 changed	4 changed		1 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none		none	29 changed	2 changed		3 changed	7 changed	none	none	none	3 changed
Serve: positions of the other players	none	2 changed	8 changed	9 changed	1 changed	5 changed	3 changed	1 changed	1 changed	7 changed	3 changed	12 changed	3 changed	10 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	40 changed	none	none	1 changed	80 changed	53 changed
Serve: receiver's position	none	2 changed	1 changed				1 changed		1 changed		3 changed	6 changed	5 changed	12 changed	1 changed	none	none	3 changed	none	2 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	31 changed	none	none	2 changed	82 changed	58 changed
Serve: screening / moving on the serve							1 changed					9 changed	5 changed	13 changed	5 changed	none	none	17 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	10 changed	1 changed	none	10 changed	51 changed	1 changed	none	28 changed	72 changed	53 changed
Serve: server's position	1 changed	2 changed	14 changed	10 changed		9 changed	3 changed	none	2 changed	3 changed	4 changed	7 changed	5 changed	10 changed	1 changed	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	20 changed	none	none	2 changed	33 changed	10 changed
Serve: short	1 changed	4 changed	15 changed	11 changed	3 changed	10 changed	4 changed	none	1 changed	5 changed	7 changed	6 changed	5 changed	4 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	3 changed	1 changed		3 changed	59 changed	none	none	20 changed	64 changed	39 changed
Striking: hand only	1 changed	7 changed	9 changed	7 changed	6 changed	4 changed	2 changed	none	none	1 changed	4 changed	8 changed	5 changed	none	none	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	53 changed	none	none	11 changed	38 changed	36 changed
Striking: one hand at a time			1 changed	1 changed	6 changed	1 changed						3 changed	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	53 changed	none	none	13 changed	37 changed	36 changed
Talking during the rally																		18 changed	none	8 changed	none	none	1 changed	1 changed	none	none	1 changed	11 changed	none	none	3 changed	43 changed	34 changed
Time between games	none	2 changed	2 changed				2 changed		1 changed	2 changed	7 changed	6 changed	6 changed	6 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none		none	27 changed	none	none	42 changed	54 changed	19 changed
Time between rallies and service delay	none	2 changed	2 changed	3 changed		4 changed	5 changed	2 changed	none	3 changed	3 changed	13 changed	7 changed	6 changed	3 changed	none	none	7 changed	none	5 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	54 changed	none	none	22 changed	97 changed	60 changed
Timeouts and postponement												10 changed	3 changed	10 changed	1 changed	none	none	10 changed	none	9 changed	none	none	none	1 changed	none	2 changed	1 changed	30 changed	none	2 changed	29 changed	43 changed	27 changed
Tournament administration											4 changed	43 changed	27 changed	32 changed	1 changed	none	1 changed	14 changed	none	5 changed	none	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	313 changed	9 changed	13 changed	235 changed	22 changed	12 changed
Tournament draw						2 changed	1 changed	1 changed	1 changed	2 changed	2 changed	3 changed	5 changed	2 changed	1 changed	none	none	2 changed	none	1 changed	none	none	none	none	none		none	none	none	none	none	none
Tournament officials												17 changed	10 changed	12 changed	3 changed	none	none	27 changed	none	13 changed	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	16 changed	none	8 changed	1 changed	2 changed	11 changed
Win by two at 20-all							1 changed

How to read it

A year is the date of the newer edition in each comparison, so a change shows up in the year its edition took effect, not the year it was first proposed. Editions of a code are compared one after the other, so only the 8 codes with more than one edition appear. A blank cell is not the same as a dot: a dot means the two editions were compared and no clause of the concept changed.

The kinds of change come from an automatic comparison of the two editions, clause by clause.

Changed: a number, a must or may, or many of the words differ, so the meaning may differ.
Reworded: similar text with some words different.
Punctuation or spelling: only punctuation, capitals, spacing or the spelling of a word differs.
Moved: the same text under a new number or in a new place.
Added: a clause with no counterpart in the earlier edition.
Dropped: a clause of the earlier edition with no counterpart in the later one.

4,550 comparisons feed the counts: 3,815 automatic and 735 machine-reviewed. No person has checked them yet, so read a single cell as a pointer to where to look, not as a final count. The Changed label tends to over-report, because it flags any clause where a number or a must or may differs, or where many words differ.

The same numbers in a table

All codes, all changes. The table follows the filters above.

Per concept: clauses changed, by kind, then the years and codes with changes
Concept	All	Changed	Reworded	Punctuation or spelling	Moved	Added	Dropped	Years (count)	Codes (count)
Appeals and finality	238	34	27	4	12	87	74	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (19), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1928 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (30), 1994 (11), 1999 (20), 2000 (1), 2005 (21), 2007 (12), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (25), 2022 (2), 2024 (10), 2025 (18), 2026 (38)	American four-wall (107), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (37), American one-wall, small ball (35), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (34), American three-wall (12), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (11), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Ball from the wall hits a player	39	0	5	3	2	19	10	1920 (5), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (4), 1931 (2), 1990 (7), 1994 (5), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (5)	American four-wall (21), American one-wall, small ball (13), American three-wall (5)
Ball hits an official or spectator	5	0	0	2	0	1	2	1922 (2), 1994 (1), 2000 (1), 2017 (1)	American one-wall, small ball (5)
Ball hits opponent	188	8	12	36	14	61	57	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (15), 1903 (22), 1915 (3), 1920 (6), 1922 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2005 (2), 2008 (1), 2020 (43), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (11)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (89), American four-wall (68), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), American one-wall, small ball (10), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (6), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (2)
Ball hits the hitter or his partner	79	0	13	16	11	18	21	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (10), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (5), 1994 (4), 2005 (3), 2007 (1), 2020 (16), 2024 (1), 2025 (9), 2026 (9)	American four-wall (33), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (29), American one-wall, small ball (10), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (5), American three-wall (1), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Ball: broken ball	181	16	26	50	19	62	8	1990 (8), 1994 (3), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (11), 2006 (3), 2007 (2), 2015 (2), 2017 (1), 2020 (50), 2022 (1), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American four-wall (25), American one-wall, small ball (18), American three-wall (4)
Ball: selection by the referee	181	6	16	28	28	85	18	1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (7), 1990 (7), 1994 (3), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (59), 2024 (15), 2025 (67), 2026 (13)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (149), American four-wall (20), American one-wall, small ball (6), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (4), American three-wall (1), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Ball: specification	413	25	26	58	46	198	60	1889 (2), 1893 (18), 1903 (33), 1920 (3), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (14), 1990 (20), 1994 (12), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (16), 2007 (7), 2008 (2), 2014 (8), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2020 (76), 2024 (25), 2025 (143), 2026 (14)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (149), American four-wall (106), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (43), American one-wall, small ball (42), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (41), International four-wall (40x20) (25), American three-wall (7)
Ball: wet ball	189	15	27	37	20	66	24	1922 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (1), 1990 (17), 1994 (2), 1999 (4), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2018 (2), 2020 (50), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (58)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American four-wall (25), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (24), American one-wall, small ball (5), American three-wall (1)
Catching or stopping the ball	121	9	5	42	4	38	23	1889 (4), 1893 (2), 1915 (5), 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2015 (4), 2017 (1), 2019 (4), 2020 (5), 2024 (1), 2025 (27), 2026 (44)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (65), American four-wall (27), American one-wall, small ball (16), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (5), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (5), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American three-wall (1)
Ceiling and overhead obstructions	50	2	14	8	1	16	9	1915 (3), 1922 (1), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (4), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2015 (25), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2022 (1), 2025 (1)	American three-wall (23), American one-wall, small ball (15), American four-wall (12)
Change of serve	207	3	41	48	17	62	36	1889 (8), 1893 (16), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (26), 1994 (17), 1999 (17), 2000 (3), 2005 (20), 2006 (11), 2007 (9), 2020 (18), 2021 (1), 2024 (1), 2025 (10), 2026 (9)	American four-wall (113), American one-wall, small ball (47), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (35), American three-wall (9), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (2), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Conduct and player code	102	7	7	5	5	44	34	1903 (1), 1920 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (3), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2002 (2), 2005 (12), 2007 (7), 2012 (1), 2015 (1), 2018 (17), 2020 (4), 2022 (3), 2024 (6), 2026 (38)	American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (53), American four-wall (17), American one-wall, small ball (17), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (10), American three-wall (5)
Court: dimensions	274	14	17	54	17	92	80	1920 (4), 1922 (11), 1923 (1), 1927 (4), 1928 (8), 1931 (4), 1990 (9), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (3), 2007 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (71), 2025 (88), 2026 (51)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (133), American one-wall, small ball (36), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (32), American four-wall (27), International four-wall (40x20) (23), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American three-wall (6)
Court: line marking	203	11	23	55	15	89	10	1922 (2), 1990 (16), 1994 (9), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (23), 2025 (79), 2026 (49)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (96), American four-wall (35), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (18), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American one-wall, small ball (16), American three-wall (1)
Court: long (back) line	104	3	7	25	8	53	8	1922 (10), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1994 (3), 2020 (3), 2025 (59), 2026 (27)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American one-wall, small ball (15), American three-wall (5), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Court: receiving and playing zones	83	2	6	25	8	42	0	1994 (2), 2025 (54), 2026 (27)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American one-wall, small ball (2)
Court: run-off area around the floor	86	3	6	26	8	41	2	1922 (2), 1994 (1), 2005 (1), 2014 (1), 2025 (54), 2026 (27)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American one-wall, small ball (5)
Court: service zone	244	7	21	60	15	94	47	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (10), 1920 (9), 1922 (4), 1927 (3), 1928 (8), 1931 (6), 1990 (19), 1994 (11), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (23), 2025 (79), 2026 (49)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (96), American four-wall (70), American one-wall, small ball (23), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (18), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17)
Court: short line (minimum serve length)	218	8	17	54	17	89	33	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (8), 1920 (3), 1922 (4), 1927 (4), 1928 (7), 1931 (4), 1990 (10), 1994 (6), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (25), 2025 (79), 2026 (49)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (96), American four-wall (47), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (20), American one-wall, small ball (18), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17)
Court: towels and wiping	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	2019 (10)	American four-wall (5), American one-wall, small ball (5)
Court: turns when others are waiting	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1915 (1)	American four-wall (1)
Court: wall surface and top	158	2	6	65	8	65	12	1922 (5), 1994 (2), 2000 (1), 2020 (5), 2025 (79), 2026 (66)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (126), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (19), American one-wall, small ball (8), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (5)
Doubles: alternating service and positions	2	0	0	0	0	0	2	1922 (2)	American one-wall, small ball (2)
Doubles: serving order and first hand	258	11	30	83	17	78	39	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1931 (4), 1990 (17), 1994 (7), 1999 (4), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (4), 2020 (55), 2024 (21), 2025 (80), 2026 (40)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (190), American four-wall (45), American one-wall, small ball (13), American three-wall (4), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (4), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Doubles: serving to each receiver in turn	14	0	3	0	0	10	1	1920 (2), 1928 (1), 1990 (7), 1994 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1)	American four-wall (11), American one-wall, small ball (2), American three-wall (1)
Drugs, alcohol and smoking	10	0	0	0	0	2	8	2018 (6), 2026 (4)	American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (10)
Equipment: dress and uniform	132	17	10	29	3	63	10	1903 (3), 1920 (3), 1928 (1), 1931 (1), 1990 (18), 1994 (6), 1999 (18), 2000 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (12), 2024 (7), 2025 (40), 2026 (8)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (51), American four-wall (47), American one-wall, small ball (20), American three-wall (4), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (4), International four-wall (40x20) (3), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Equipment: eye protection	149	17	4	24	10	52	42	1990 (8), 1994 (4), 1999 (8), 2000 (1), 2005 (13), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (1), 2019 (2), 2020 (45), 2024 (5), 2025 (33), 2026 (22)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (95), American four-wall (21), American one-wall, small ball (20), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (5), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (4), American three-wall (3), International four-wall (40x20) (1)
Equipment: gloves	171	16	9	4	11	69	62	1903 (3), 1920 (6), 1922 (2), 1928 (5), 1990 (19), 1994 (6), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2007 (4), 2008 (1), 2014 (3), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (38), 2024 (1), 2025 (35), 2026 (34)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (76), American four-wall (37), American one-wall, small ball (22), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10), International four-wall (40x20) (8), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (8), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (6), American three-wall (4)
First service (toss)	138	21	17	12	0	43	45	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (10), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (1), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2020 (24), 2024 (2), 2025 (33), 2026 (15)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), American four-wall (47), American one-wall, small ball (17), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (5), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (4), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Forfeits for no-show, late start and defaults	240	39	14	48	63	47	29	1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (5), 1990 (23), 1994 (15), 1999 (28), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2006 (2), 2007 (3), 2015 (2), 2017 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (29), 2024 (28), 2025 (55), 2026 (30)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (110), American four-wall (65), American one-wall, small ball (32), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10), American three-wall (3)
Game length	62	3	7	7	0	23	22	1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1903 (3), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (8), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (5), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (7), 2024 (1), 2025 (7), 2026 (1)	American four-wall (25), American one-wall, small ball (20), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (12), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (2), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American three-wall (1)
Game types: singles, doubles, cutthroat	90	1	8	13	5	35	28	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1920 (7), 1923 (4), 1928 (7), 1931 (3), 1990 (13), 1994 (4), 1999 (2), 2000 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2020 (14), 2025 (4), 2026 (3)	American four-wall (55), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (15), American one-wall, small ball (13), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (6), American three-wall (1)
Hinder fault (serving side)	60	0	4	2	0	9	45	1994 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2015 (6), 2019 (6), 2020 (37), 2025 (2), 2026 (5)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (37), American one-wall, small ball (16), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (5), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Injury time	297	21	20	49	56	103	48	1922 (2), 1927 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (9), 1994 (3), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2001 (6), 2002 (1), 2005 (11), 2007 (6), 2008 (2), 2018 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (74), 2021 (3), 2024 (38), 2025 (77), 2026 (42)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (165), American four-wall (58), American one-wall, small ball (45), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (10), American three-wall (6)
Lines: ball on a line	22	0	0	5	0	6	11	1922 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2020 (7)	American four-wall (8), American one-wall, small ball (7), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7)
Match format	59	3	8	7	0	19	22	1903 (2), 1920 (2), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (8), 1994 (8), 1999 (2), 2005 (5), 2007 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (12), 2024 (1), 2025 (7), 2026 (1)	American one-wall, small ball (20), American four-wall (17), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (15), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (4), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American three-wall (1)
Obstruction: benefit of the doubt	127	4	6	37	8	51	21	1920 (3), 1928 (2), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (2), 2008 (1), 2020 (23), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (5)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (71), American four-wall (28), American one-wall, small ball (13), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), American three-wall (2)
Obstruction: blocking the view (covered ball / screen)	165	9	18	50	4	65	19	1920 (6), 1923 (3), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (22), 1994 (2), 1999 (20), 2000 (1), 2005 (4), 2007 (3), 2020 (25), 2024 (3), 2025 (43), 2026 (24)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (95), American four-wall (62), American one-wall, small ball (5), American three-wall (3)
Obstruction: duty to give way	180	13	17	39	11	67	33	1903 (3), 1915 (3), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1928 (4), 1931 (2), 1990 (16), 1994 (6), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (13), 2007 (5), 2020 (41), 2024 (7), 2025 (40), 2026 (9)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (89), American four-wall (57), American one-wall, small ball (25), American three-wall (5), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (4)
Obstruction: either doubles partner may claim	133	9	13	32	11	40	28	1920 (4), 1922 (1), 1923 (3), 1928 (2), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (2), 1999 (6), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (41), 2024 (7), 2025 (49), 2026 (5)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (89), American four-wall (24), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), American one-wall, small ball (6), American three-wall (1)
Obstruction: interference by one's partner	35	2	1	14	2	11	5	1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (9), 1994 (2), 1999 (14), 2005 (1), 2007 (1)	American four-wall (30), American one-wall, small ball (4), American three-wall (1)
Obstruction: legal block by position	88	0	1	6	1	18	62	1922 (4), 1927 (2), 1931 (2), 1994 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (6), 2019 (6), 2020 (37), 2025 (21), 2026 (5)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (50), American one-wall, small ball (25), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13)
Obstruction: penalised (intentional / avoidable) interference	335	14	33	66	6	171	45	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (13), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (4), 1990 (31), 1994 (22), 1999 (12), 2000 (4), 2005 (82), 2007 (24), 2008 (2), 2014 (1), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (31), 2021 (1), 2024 (3), 2025 (49), 2026 (30)	American one-wall, small ball (112), American four-wall (95), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (95), American three-wall (24), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (6), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Obstruction: unintentional interference replayed (dead-ball hinder)	371	46	40	82	16	137	50	1893 (7), 1903 (13), 1920 (7), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (3), 1990 (53), 1994 (17), 1999 (62), 2000 (4), 2001 (1), 2005 (31), 2007 (16), 2008 (1), 2015 (22), 2019 (14), 2020 (46), 2021 (5), 2024 (7), 2025 (51), 2026 (5)	American four-wall (162), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (89), American one-wall, small ball (85), American three-wall (19), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Obstruction: who calls hinders	178	8	15	33	11	67	44	1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (1), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (18), 1994 (5), 1999 (10), 2000 (2), 2001 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (4), 2015 (1), 2020 (32), 2021 (1), 2024 (7), 2025 (50), 2026 (25)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (71), American four-wall (46), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (20), American one-wall, small ball (16), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (13), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (8), American three-wall (4)
Officials: line official	154	13	16	36	3	32	54	1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (15), 1994 (5), 1999 (14), 2000 (6), 2005 (13), 2007 (4), 2014 (2), 2015 (3), 2019 (3), 2020 (41), 2024 (2), 2025 (27), 2026 (13)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (73), American one-wall, small ball (34), American four-wall (33), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10), American three-wall (4)
Officials: referee's charge and powers	354	65	38	85	48	98	20	1903 (3), 1920 (3), 1922 (2), 1990 (61), 1994 (23), 1999 (70), 2000 (5), 2005 (26), 2006 (2), 2007 (7), 2008 (1), 2014 (2), 2015 (19), 2017 (2), 2019 (17), 2020 (30), 2022 (8), 2024 (12), 2025 (39), 2026 (22)	American four-wall (161), American one-wall, small ball (89), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (87), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10), American three-wall (7)
Officials: scorer	47	4	7	1	2	18	15	1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (4), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2007 (3), 2020 (1), 2025 (4)	American four-wall (23), American one-wall, small ball (16), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (5), American three-wall (3)
Officials: who officiates	128	9	22	7	9	44	37	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (20), 1920 (5), 1922 (2), 1927 (3), 1928 (3), 1931 (8), 1990 (17), 1994 (9), 1999 (12), 2000 (4), 2005 (8), 2007 (3), 2020 (14), 2024 (1), 2025 (1), 2026 (3)	American four-wall (79), American one-wall, small ball (27), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (10), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (9), American three-wall (3)
Penalty: disqualification, suspension and bans	18	0	0	0	2	3	13	2018 (9), 2026 (9)	American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (18)
Penalty: leaving the court	148	10	7	25	41	28	37	1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1927 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (7), 1990 (5), 1994 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (26), 2024 (10), 2025 (39), 2026 (45)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (87), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (23), American one-wall, small ball (15), American four-wall (13), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10)
Penalty: point deduction (fine / technical)	188	7	22	54	10	69	26	1922 (6), 1990 (20), 1994 (17), 1999 (14), 2000 (4), 2005 (22), 2007 (6), 2008 (2), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2018 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (28), 2021 (2), 2022 (2), 2024 (9), 2025 (25), 2026 (25)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), American one-wall, small ball (48), American four-wall (46), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (23), American three-wall (6), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Penalty: refusing the referee's decision	126	8	9	30	39	17	23	1903 (3), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (3), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (1), 2017 (1), 2020 (26), 2024 (10), 2025 (39), 2026 (22)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (87), American four-wall (21), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (10), American one-wall, small ball (8)
Rally: ball landing out	209	9	40	46	24	59	31	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (8), 1994 (3), 1999 (2), 2005 (6), 2007 (4), 2015 (19), 2019 (1), 2020 (64), 2024 (12), 2025 (43), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American three-wall (30), American four-wall (19), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (15), American one-wall, small ball (11)
Rally: failure to return	294	14	39	69	25	116	31	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (1), 1920 (10), 1922 (2), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (22), 1994 (30), 1999 (4), 2000 (2), 2005 (29), 2006 (3), 2007 (3), 2008 (4), 2015 (18), 2020 (32), 2021 (1), 2022 (3), 2024 (13), 2025 (44), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (115), American one-wall, small ball (77), American four-wall (74), American three-wall (26), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (2)
Rally: one touch only	157	7	26	37	24	48	15	1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (5), 1994 (3), 2020 (53), 2024 (13), 2025 (37), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American four-wall (13), American one-wall, small ball (7), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Rally: play before the second bounce	71	0	1	16	5	25	24	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1920 (7), 1922 (2), 1928 (4), 1931 (3), 1990 (12), 1994 (4), 1999 (10), 2005 (1), 2020 (3)	American four-wall (59), American one-wall, small ball (9), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3)
Rally: swing and miss, further attempts	171	12	32	47	19	53	8	1922 (1), 1990 (8), 1994 (4), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (6), 2007 (3), 2020 (50), 2024 (11), 2025 (37), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American four-wall (25), American one-wall, small ball (9), American three-wall (3)
Replays and play stoppages	188	9	31	52	20	66	10	1990 (7), 1994 (3), 2000 (2), 2005 (15), 2006 (2), 2007 (2), 2008 (3), 2015 (1), 2020 (50), 2021 (1), 2022 (6), 2024 (12), 2025 (37), 2026 (47)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American one-wall, small ball (28), American four-wall (13), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (11), American three-wall (2)
Return of serve: on the fly	45	15	6	11	2	6	5	1922 (3), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (3), 1999 (8), 2001 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2015 (1), 2020 (6), 2024 (2), 2025 (3), 2026 (9)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (20), American four-wall (14), American one-wall, small ball (10), American three-wall (1)
Return: front wall before floor	73	5	7	21	2	18	20	1915 (6), 1920 (4), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (7), 1931 (2), 1990 (12), 1994 (4), 1999 (12), 2005 (1), 2020 (6), 2024 (2), 2025 (3), 2026 (9)	American four-wall (42), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (20), American one-wall, small ball (11)
Scoring: who scores and the unit	94	3	16	11	5	36	23	1886 (2), 1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (8), 1915 (1), 1920 (4), 1922 (4), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (6), 1931 (4), 1990 (10), 1994 (7), 1999 (1), 2000 (1), 2005 (4), 2006 (11), 2007 (2), 2020 (11), 2025 (1)	American four-wall (55), American one-wall, small ball (25), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (10), American three-wall (2), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (2)
Serve hits a player	252	19	20	76	18	73	46	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (13), 1920 (5), 1928 (6), 1931 (2), 1990 (12), 1994 (2), 1999 (9), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (2), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (51), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (46)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (58), American one-wall, small ball (11), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (7), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3), American three-wall (2), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: dead-ball serves and court hinders	280	40	31	76	16	79	38	1990 (21), 1994 (6), 1999 (41), 2000 (4), 2005 (6), 2006 (5), 2007 (3), 2008 (1), 2015 (5), 2017 (2), 2019 (7), 2020 (52), 2021 (2), 2024 (20), 2025 (66), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (72), American one-wall, small ball (34), American three-wall (3), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: faults on the rebound (walls, ceiling, out of court)	199	8	24	68	19	54	26	1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1915 (3), 1928 (4), 1931 (6), 1990 (10), 1999 (4), 2020 (48), 2024 (20), 2025 (62), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (30)
Serve: faults that lose the serve	323	17	29	105	25	97	50	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (9), 1922 (2), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (25), 1994 (14), 1999 (20), 2000 (6), 2005 (19), 2007 (7), 2014 (2), 2015 (2), 2020 (59), 2021 (1), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (98), American one-wall, small ball (40), American three-wall (7), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: foot fault	292	28	28	82	19	86	49	1893 (12), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (10), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (6), 1931 (9), 1990 (13), 1994 (9), 1999 (14), 2000 (2), 2005 (8), 2007 (3), 2014 (1), 2015 (5), 2017 (1), 2019 (5), 2020 (48), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (42)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (79), American one-wall, small ball (36), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (3), American three-wall (3), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: how it is put in play	330	25	45	92	20	87	61	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1915 (5), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (16), 1994 (7), 1999 (14), 2000 (1), 2005 (7), 2006 (1), 2007 (3), 2014 (2), 2015 (5), 2017 (1), 2019 (4), 2020 (70), 2021 (1), 2022 (1), 2024 (22), 2025 (97), 2026 (49)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (219), American four-wall (59), American one-wall, small ball (36), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (10), American three-wall (3), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (3)
Serve: landing outside the side lines	89	0	1	42	0	28	18	1915 (3), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1931 (1), 1994 (3), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (7), 2022 (1), 2025 (25), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (62), American one-wall, small ball (15), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7), American four-wall (3), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: long	235	13	26	86	16	57	37	1922 (2), 1990 (1), 1994 (3), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2015 (29), 2017 (2), 2019 (3), 2020 (65), 2024 (21), 2025 (67), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American three-wall (31), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (18), American one-wall, small ball (14), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American four-wall (1)
Serve: missed serve	215	11	20	75	18	55	36	1920 (4), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (4), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 1999 (4), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (55), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (25), American one-wall, small ball (11), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American three-wall (1)
Serve: must hit the front wall first	244	9	19	75	20	69	52	1889 (2), 1893 (13), 1903 (10), 1915 (5), 1920 (9), 1922 (3), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (5), 1990 (9), 1994 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (55), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (53), American one-wall, small ball (13), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Serve: playing a fault serve	93	6	12	23	6	18	28	1886 (3), 1889 (7), 1893 (9), 1903 (7), 1920 (6), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1928 (1), 1931 (2), 1990 (4), 1994 (4), 2000 (1), 2005 (1), 2015 (29), 2017 (2), 2019 (3), 2020 (7), 2025 (3)	American four-wall (40), American three-wall (30), American one-wall, small ball (16), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (7)
Serve: positions of the other players	241	4	32	59	10	91	45	1889 (2), 1893 (8), 1903 (9), 1915 (1), 1920 (5), 1922 (3), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (7), 1931 (3), 1990 (12), 1994 (3), 1999 (10), 2005 (1), 2007 (1), 2020 (40), 2024 (1), 2025 (80), 2026 (53)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (131), American four-wall (58), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (18), American one-wall, small ball (8), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (5), American three-wall (1)
Serve: receiver's position	210	19	26	62	17	69	17	1889 (2), 1893 (1), 1922 (1), 1927 (1), 1931 (3), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (12), 2000 (1), 2005 (3), 2007 (2), 2020 (31), 2024 (2), 2025 (82), 2026 (58)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (116), American four-wall (23), International four-wall (40x20) (20), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (20), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (17), American one-wall, small ball (12), American three-wall (2)
Serve: screening / moving on the serve	277	11	26	83	26	86	45	1922 (1), 1990 (9), 1994 (5), 1999 (13), 2000 (5), 2005 (17), 2007 (1), 2015 (10), 2017 (1), 2019 (10), 2020 (51), 2021 (1), 2024 (28), 2025 (72), 2026 (53)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American one-wall, small ball (50), American four-wall (22), International four-wall (40x20) (20), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (10), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2), American three-wall (1)
Serve: server's position	139	22	18	15	0	40	44	1886 (1), 1889 (2), 1893 (14), 1903 (10), 1920 (9), 1922 (3), 1927 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (4), 1990 (7), 1994 (5), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (20), 2024 (2), 2025 (33), 2026 (10)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (64), American four-wall (58), American one-wall, small ball (15), American three-wall (1), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (1)
Serve: short	266	9	20	82	21	71	63	1886 (1), 1889 (4), 1893 (15), 1903 (11), 1915 (3), 1920 (10), 1922 (4), 1927 (1), 1928 (5), 1931 (7), 1990 (6), 1994 (5), 1999 (4), 2005 (1), 2015 (3), 2017 (1), 2019 (3), 2020 (59), 2024 (20), 2025 (64), 2026 (39)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (169), American four-wall (65), American one-wall, small ball (19), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (11), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (2)
Striking: hand only	195	9	31	41	24	60	30	1886 (1), 1889 (7), 1893 (9), 1903 (7), 1915 (6), 1920 (4), 1922 (2), 1928 (1), 1931 (4), 1990 (8), 1994 (5), 2005 (2), 2007 (1), 2020 (53), 2024 (11), 2025 (38), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (138), American four-wall (47), American one-wall, small ball (9), American three-wall (1)
Striking: one hand at a time	152	9	24	37	19	46	17	1893 (1), 1903 (1), 1915 (6), 1920 (1), 1990 (3), 1994 (1), 2020 (53), 2024 (13), 2025 (37), 2026 (36)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (134), American four-wall (13), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (3), American one-wall, small ball (2)
Talking during the rally	120	3	0	37	0	74	6	2005 (18), 2007 (8), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), 2019 (1), 2020 (11), 2024 (3), 2025 (43), 2026 (34)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (78), American one-wall, small ball (16), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (10), American four-wall (8), American three-wall (8)
Time between games	177	11	21	22	48	36	39	1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1922 (2), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (7), 1990 (6), 1994 (6), 1999 (6), 2005 (1), 2020 (27), 2024 (42), 2025 (54), 2026 (19)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (119), American four-wall (20), International four-wall (40x20) (20), American one-wall, small ball (15), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (3)
Time between rallies and service delay	299	22	51	76	21	85	44	1889 (2), 1893 (2), 1903 (3), 1920 (4), 1922 (5), 1923 (2), 1928 (3), 1931 (3), 1990 (13), 1994 (7), 1999 (6), 2000 (3), 2005 (7), 2007 (5), 2015 (1), 2020 (54), 2024 (22), 2025 (97), 2026 (60)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (219), American four-wall (42), American one-wall, small ball (19), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (11), American three-wall (5), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (3)
Timeouts and postponement	178	16	24	10	26	51	51	1990 (10), 1994 (3), 1999 (10), 2000 (1), 2005 (10), 2007 (9), 2015 (1), 2018 (2), 2019 (1), 2020 (30), 2022 (2), 2024 (29), 2025 (43), 2026 (27)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (96), American four-wall (29), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (18), Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game) (13), American one-wall, small ball (9), American three-wall (9), Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA) (3), International four-wall (40x20) (1)
Tournament administration	732	30	61	70	47	187	337	1931 (4), 1990 (43), 1994 (27), 1999 (32), 2000 (1), 2002 (1), 2005 (14), 2007 (5), 2014 (1), 2020 (313), 2021 (9), 2022 (13), 2024 (235), 2025 (22), 2026 (12)	Irish handball, softball (60x30) (557), American four-wall (94), American one-wall, small ball (52), International four-wall (40x20) (20), American three-wall (5), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (4)
Tournament draw	23	1	6	3	0	9	4	1920 (2), 1922 (1), 1923 (1), 1927 (1), 1928 (2), 1931 (2), 1990 (3), 1994 (5), 1999 (2), 2000 (1), 2005 (2), 2007 (1)	American four-wall (11), American one-wall, small ball (11), American three-wall (1)
Tournament officials	120	9	19	5	6	66	15	1990 (17), 1994 (10), 1999 (12), 2000 (3), 2005 (27), 2007 (13), 2020 (16), 2022 (8), 2024 (1), 2025 (2), 2026 (11)	American four-wall (46), American one-wall, small ball (31), Irish handball, softball (60x30) (22), American three-wall (13), American one-wall, big ball (wallball) (8)
Win by two at 20-all	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1922 (1)	American one-wall, small ball (1)

By code

Clauses changed (all kinds), by code and year. A blank cell means none changed or nothing was compared.
Code	Total	1886	1889	1893	1903	1915	1920	1922	1923	1927	1928	1931	1990	1994	1999	2000	2001	2002	2005	2006	2007	2008	2012	2014	2015	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2024	2025	2026
International four-wall (40x20)	241																															41	100	100
American four-wall	3,443	13	86	307	332	72	250		26		177	113	973		745				208	10	2		1	4	23	8		11	34	13	22	9	4
Irish handball, hardball (60x30 alley game)	393																												248			6	80	59
Irish handball, softball (60x30)	7,807																												2521			867	2767	1652
American one-wall, big ball (wallball)	339																										38							301
Irish one-wall / Wallball (GAA)	406																																384	22
American one-wall, small ball	1,826							178		53		100		528		96	9	4	423	30		23		34	111	13		114	39	16	29	11	15
American three-wall	382																		3		235				112	2							30