Handball

Clause history · American four-wall

Rule 3.6 Line judges: how the wording changed

42 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 6 times.

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Rulebook by rulebook

The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.

Every rulebook this rule appears in, in date order, with the kinds of change found
DateRulebookClauses, by kind of change
20 June 1990USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 19903 first recorded
31 January 1999USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 19993 unchanged
31 January 1999American four-wall, 31 January 19993 unchanged
19 January 2005USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 20043 unchanged
1 April 2005USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 20051 first recorded
15 April 2005USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 20051 reworded
June 2006USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 20061 unchanged
June 2006American one-wall, small ball, June 20061 unchanged
June 2006USHA One-Wall Rules, June 20061 unchanged
May 2007USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 20071 unchanged
13 October 2007American three-wall, 13 October 20071 reworded
June 2008USHA One-Wall Rules, June 20081 unchanged
2012USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20121 unchanged
2014USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20141 unchanged
January 2014USHA One-Wall Rules, January 20141 reworded
6 February 2015USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 20151 unchanged
6 February 2015USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20151 changed
6 February 2015USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20151 reworded
22 January 2017USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 20171 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 20171 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 20171 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 20191 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 20191 changed
12 July 2019American four-wall, 12 July 20191 unchanged
12 July 2019American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 20191 unchanged
26 January 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 20201 unchanged
26 January 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 20201 unchanged
20 September 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, September 20201 unchanged
21 September 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 20201 unchanged
22 January 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 20211 unchanged
22 January 2021USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 20211 unchanged
9 December 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 20211 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 20221 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 20221 unchanged
27 November 2022American four-wall, 27 November 20221 unchanged
17 January 2024American four-wall, 17 January 20241 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 20241 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 20241 unchanged
17 July 2024American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 20241 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 20251 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 20251 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 20251 unchanged

The wording

Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.

Rule 3.6, part 1 of 3

Begins: “If he wins the appeal, he is awarded the…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    If he wins the appeal, he is awarded the appropriate call.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 31 January 1999 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic

Rule 3.6, part 2 of 3

Begins: “At no time may a player appeal a screen…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    At no time may a player appeal a screen serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 31 January 1999 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic

Rule 3.6, item C

Begins: “C. Result of response. If both line judges signal…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    C. Result of response.
    If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's call stands.
    If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his ruling.
    If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his call or call for a replay.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    C. Result of response.
    If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's call stands.
    If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his ruling.
    If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his call or call for a replay.

    no words changed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    C. Result of response.
    If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's call stands.
    If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his ruling.
    If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his call or call for a replay.

    no words changed.

  4. 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic

  5. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    C. Result of response. If all four line judges abstain from giving an opinion, the referee’s call stands. Otherwise the call shall follow the opinion of the majority of participating officials (four line judges and one referee.) Disregarding those who abstain, if the majority of the officials agree with the referee’s call, the call shall stand. If a majority disagree with the referee’s call, the call must be reversed. However, if only one official indicates disagreement with the referee’s call (whereas the other three officials have abstained), then this is a tie, in which case the referee may let the call stand, reverse the call or call for a replay.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  6. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    C. Result of response. If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's call stands. If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his his/her ruling. If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his the call or call for a replay.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  8. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    C. Result of response. If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's call stands. If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his his/her ruling. If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his the call or call for a replay.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  9. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  10. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    C. Result of response. If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's referee’s call stands. If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his/her ruling. If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's referee’s call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse the call or call for a replay.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  11. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  12. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.

    C. Result of response. If all four line judges abstain from giving an opinion, the referee’s call stands. Otherwise the call shall follow the opinion of the majority of participating officials (four line judges and one referee.) Disregarding those who abstain, if the majority of the officials agree with the referee’s call, the call shall stand. If a majority disagree with the referee’s call, the call must be reversed. However, if only one official indicates disagreement with the referee’s call (whereas the other three officials have abstained), then this If there is a tie, in which case the referee may let the call stand, reverse the call or call for a replay.

    2 words added, 25 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  13. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    C. Result of response. If all four line judges abstain from giving an opinion, the referee’s call stands. Otherwise the The call shall follow the opinion of the majority of participating officials (four line judges and one referee.) Disregarding those who abstain, if the majority of the officials agree with the call, the call shall stand. If a majority disagree with the call, the call must be reversed. If there is a tie, no majority, the referee may let the call stand, reverse the call or call for a replay.

    3 words added, 48 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    C. Result of response. If both line judges signal no opinion, the referee's referee’s call stands. If both line judges disagree with the referee, the referee must reverse his his/her ruling. If only one line judge disagrees with the referee's referee’s call, the referee may let the call stand, reverse his the call or call for a replay.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

  16. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  17. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    C. Result of response. The If all four line judges abstain from giving an opinion, the referee’s call stands. Otherwise the call shall follow the opinion of the majority of participating officials (four line judges and one referee.) Disregarding those who abstain, if the majority of the officials agree with the call, the call shall stand. If a majority disagree with the call, the call must be reversed. If there is no majority, a tie, the referee may let the call stand, reverse the call or call for a replay.

    48 words added, 3 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  18. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

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