Clause history · American one-wall, small ball

Rule 4.5 Changes of serve: how the wording changed

48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 22 times.

How to read this page

Added words are underlined and sit inside [+ +].
~~Removed words~~ are struck through and sit inside [- -].
Each rulebook says in words what kind of change it is: unchanged (same wording as the rulebook it was compared with); punctuation only (only punctuation, spacing or capitals differ); moved (same wording, in another place or under another number); reworded (the sense is the same, said in other words); changed (the rule now says something different).
A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either, so a wrong match is possible.

Rulebook by rulebook

The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.

Every rulebook this rule appears in, in date order, with the kinds of change found
Date	Rulebook	Clauses, by kind of change
20 June 1990	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990	9 first recorded
14 October 1994	USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994	9 first recorded
31 January 1999	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999	5 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 2 reworded
31 January 1999	American four-wall, 31 January 1999	4 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 2 reworded
2000	USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000	7 unchanged, 2 punctuation only
9 March 2001	USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001	9 unchanged
7 October 2001	USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001	9 unchanged
8 April 2002	USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002	9 unchanged
20 August 2002	USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002	9 unchanged
19 January 2005	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004	9 unchanged
1 April 2005	USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005	1 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 6 reworded
15 April 2005	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005	2 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 4 reworded
June 2006	USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006	9 unchanged
June 2006	American one-wall, small ball, June 2006	9 unchanged
June 2006	USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006	9 unchanged
May 2007	USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007	9 unchanged
13 October 2007	American three-wall, 13 October 2007	2 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 4 reworded
June 2008	USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008	9 unchanged
2012	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012	9 unchanged
2014	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014	9 unchanged
January 2014	USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014	9 unchanged
6 February 2015	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015	9 unchanged
6 February 2015	USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015	4 unchanged, 5 punctuation only
6 February 2015	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015	2 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 4 reworded
22 January 2017	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017	9 unchanged
22 January 2017	USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017	9 unchanged
22 January 2017	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017	9 unchanged
27 January 2019	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019	9 unchanged
27 January 2019	USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019	4 unchanged, 5 punctuation only
12 July 2019	American four-wall, 12 July 2019	9 unchanged
12 July 2019	American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019	9 unchanged
26 January 2020	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020	9 unchanged
26 January 2020	USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020	9 unchanged
20 September 2020	USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020	9 unchanged
21 September 2020	USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020	9 unchanged
22 January 2021	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021	9 unchanged
22 January 2021	USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021	8 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
9 December 2021	USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021	9 unchanged
23 January 2022	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022	9 unchanged
23 January 2022	USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022	9 unchanged
27 November 2022	American four-wall, 27 November 2022	9 unchanged
17 January 2024	American four-wall, 17 January 2024	9 unchanged
26 January 2024	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024	9 unchanged
26 January 2024	USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024	9 unchanged
17 July 2024	American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024	9 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025	9 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025	9 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025	9 unchanged

The wording

Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.

Rule 4.5, part 1 of 9

Begins: “A server is entitled to continue serving until he…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
A server is entitled to continue serving until he or his side makes an out.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
A server is entitled to continue serving until he or his side makes an out.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A server ~~is entitled to continue~~ continues serving until he or his side makes an out.
1 word added, 4 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A server ~~is entitled to continue~~ continues serving until he or his side makes an out.
1 word added, 4 removed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
A server ~~is entitled to continue~~ continues serving until he he/she or ~~his~~ his/her side makes an out.
3 words added, 6 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A server continues serving until he he/she or ~~his~~ his/her side makes an out.
2 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A server continues serving until he he/she or ~~his~~ his/her side makes an out.
2 words added, 2 removed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
A server continues serving until he he/she or ~~his~~ his/her side makes an out.
2 words added, 2 removed.
24 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, part 2 of 9

Begins: “When the server or the side loses the serve,…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
When the server or the side loses the serve, they become the receiver or receiving side, and the receiving side becomes the serving side; and so alternately in all subsequent services of the game.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
When the server or the serving side loses the serve, they become the receiver or receiving side, and the receiving side becomes the serving side; and so alternately in all subsequent services of the game.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
When the server or the ~~serving~~ side loses the serve, they become the receiver or receiving side, and the receiving side becomes the serving side; and so alternately in all subsequent services of the game.
1 word removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
37 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
- 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, part 3 of 9

Begins: “Outs are made by:”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
Outs are made by:
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
Outs are made by:
Read this rule in the rulebook
46 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. Read the rule
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
- 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item A

Begins: “A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
A. Out serve.
The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3 C.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3C.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A. Out serve.
The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3 C. D.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A. Out serve.
The server makes an out serve under Rule 4.3 C. D.
1 word added, 1 removed.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3C.~~ 4.3D.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3D.~~ 4.3 D .
3 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3 D.~~ 4.3.D.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3 D.~~ 4.3.D.
1 word added, 2 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3 D .~~ 4.3.D.
1 word added, 3 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3 D.~~ 4.3.D.
1 word added, 2 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
A. Out serve. The server makes an out serve under Rule ~~4.3.D.~~ 4.3 D .
3 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item B

Begins: “B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
B. Fault serves.
The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3 B.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3B.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Fault serves.
The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3 B. C.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Fault serves.
The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule 4.3 B. C.
1 word added, 1 removed.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3B.~~ 4.3C.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3C.~~ 4.3 C.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3 C.~~ 4.3.C.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3 C.~~ 4.3.C.
1 word added, 2 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3 C.~~ 4.3.C.
1 word added, 2 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3 C.~~ 4.3.C.
1 word added, 2 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
B. Fault serves. The server makes two fault serves before executing a legal serve under Rule ~~4.3.C.~~ 4.3 C.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item C

Begins: “C. Hits partner. The server hits his partner with…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
C. Hits partner.
The server hits his partner with an attempted return.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
C. Hits partner. The server hits his partner with an attempted return.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
C. Hits partner.
The server hits his partner with an attempted return.
no words changed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
C. Hits partner.
The server hits his partner with an attempted return.
no words changed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
C. Hits partner. The server hits ~~his~~ his/her partner with an attempted return.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
C. Hits partner. The server hits ~~his~~ his/her partner with an attempted return.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
C. Hits partner. The server hits ~~his~~ his/her partner with an attempted return.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
C. Hits partner. The server hits ~~his~~ his/her partner with an attempted return.
1 word added, 1 removed.
24 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item D

Begins: “D. Return failure. The server or his partner fails…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
D. Return failure.
The server or his partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4 C.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
D. Return failure. The server or his partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4C.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
D. Return failure.
The server or his partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4 C.
no words changed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
D. Return failure.
The server or his partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule 4.4 C.
no words changed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
D. Return failure. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4C.~~ 4.4 C.
3 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
D. Return failure. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4 C.~~ 4.4.C.
2 words added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
D. Return failure. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4 C.~~ 4.4.C.
2 words added, 3 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
D. Return failure. The server or his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4 C.~~ 4.4.C.
1 word added, 2 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
D. Return failure. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4 C.~~ 4.4.C.
2 words added, 3 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
D. Return failure. The server or his/her partner fails to keep the ball in play by returning it as required by Rule ~~4.4.C.~~ 4.4 C.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item E

Begins: “E. Avoidable hinder. The server or his partner commits…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
E. Avoidable hinder.
The server or his partner commits an avoidable hinder (See rule 4.8).
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or his partner commits an avoidable hinder (See Rule 4.8).
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
E. Avoidable hinder.
The server or his partner commits an avoidable hinder (See rule 4.8).
no words changed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
E. Avoidable hinder.
The server or his partner commits an avoidable hinder (See ~~rule~~ Rule 4.8).
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder ~~(See~~ ( See Rule ~~4.8).~~ 4.9).
4 words added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder (See Rule 4.8).
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder (See Rule 4.8).
1 word added, 1 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder ~~( See~~ (See Rule ~~4.9).~~ 4.8).
2 words added, 3 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or ~~his~~ his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder (See Rule 4.8).
1 word added, 1 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder ~~(See~~ ( See Rule ~~4.8).~~ 4.9).
3 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
E. Avoidable hinder. The server or his/her partner commits an avoidable hinder ~~( See~~ (See Rule 4.9).
1 word added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
11 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.5, item F

Begins: “F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
F. Second out.
In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve as provided in Rule 4.2 A.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve as provided in Rule 4.2A.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
F. Second out.
In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule 4.2 A.
3 words added.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
F. Second out.
In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule 4.2 A.
3 words added.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2A.~~ 4.2 A.
5 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2 A.~~ 4.2.A.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2 A.~~ 4.2.A.
1 word added, 2 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2 A.~~ 4.2.A.
1 word added, 2 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2 A.~~ 4.2.A.
1 word added, 2 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
F. Second out. In doubles, the side is retired when both partners have been put out, except on the first serve of the game as provided in Rule ~~4.2.A.~~ 4.2 A.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

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The wording

Rule 4.5, part 1 of 9

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

Rule 4.5, part 2 of 9

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, part 3 of 9

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, item A

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

2000 USHA One-Wall Rules

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, item B

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

2000 USHA One-Wall Rules

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, item C

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

Rule 4.5, item D

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, item E

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

Rule 4.5, item F

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)