Clause history · American one-wall, small ball
Rule 3.6 Line judges: how the wording changed
48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 10 times.
How to read this page
- Added words are underlined and sit inside [+ +].
Removed wordsare struck through and sit inside [- -].- Each rulebook says in words what kind of change it is: unchanged (same wording as the rulebook it was compared with); punctuation only (only punctuation, spacing or capitals differ); moved (same wording, in another place or under another number); reworded (the sense is the same, said in other words); changed (the rule now says something different).
- A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either, so a wrong match is possible.
Rulebook by rulebook
The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.
| Date | Rulebook | Clauses, by kind of change |
|---|---|---|
| 20 June 1990 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990 | 2 first recorded |
| 14 October 1994 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994 | 6 first recorded |
| 31 January 1999 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999 | 1 unchanged, 1 punctuation only |
| 31 January 1999 | American four-wall, 31 January 1999 | 1 unchanged, 1 punctuation only |
| 2000 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000 | 5 unchanged, 1 punctuation only |
| 9 March 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001 | 6 unchanged |
| 7 October 2001 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001 | 6 unchanged |
| 8 April 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002 | 6 unchanged |
| 20 August 2002 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002 | 6 unchanged |
| 19 January 2005 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004 | 2 unchanged |
| 1 April 2005 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005 | 1 reworded, 1 changed |
| 15 April 2005 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005 | 1 reworded, 1 changed |
| June 2006 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006 | 2 unchanged |
| June 2006 | American one-wall, small ball, June 2006 | 2 unchanged |
| June 2006 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006 | 2 unchanged |
| May 2007 | USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007 | 2 unchanged |
| 13 October 2007 | American three-wall, 13 October 2007 | 2 reworded |
| June 2008 | USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008 | 2 unchanged |
| 2012 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012 | 2 unchanged |
| 2014 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014 | 2 unchanged |
| January 2014 | USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014 | 1 unchanged, 1 punctuation only |
| 6 February 2015 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015 | 2 unchanged |
| 6 February 2015 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 1 unchanged, 1 reworded |
| 6 February 2015 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015 | 2 reworded |
| 22 January 2017 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017 | 2 unchanged |
| 22 January 2017 | USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 2 unchanged |
| 22 January 2017 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017 | 2 unchanged |
| 27 January 2019 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 2 unchanged |
| 27 January 2019 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019 | 3 first recorded, 1 unchanged, 1 reworded |
| 12 July 2019 | American four-wall, 12 July 2019 | 2 unchanged |
| 12 July 2019 | American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019 | 5 unchanged |
| 26 January 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 2 unchanged |
| 26 January 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020 | 5 unchanged |
| 20 September 2020 | USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 5 unchanged |
| 21 September 2020 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020 | 2 unchanged |
| 22 January 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 2 unchanged |
| 22 January 2021 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021 | 5 unchanged |
| 9 December 2021 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021 | 2 unchanged |
| 23 January 2022 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 2 unchanged |
| 23 January 2022 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022 | 5 unchanged |
| 27 November 2022 | American four-wall, 27 November 2022 | 2 unchanged |
| 17 January 2024 | American four-wall, 17 January 2024 | 2 unchanged |
| 26 January 2024 | USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 2 unchanged |
| 26 January 2024 | USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024 | 5 unchanged |
| 17 July 2024 | American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024 | 5 unchanged |
| 26 January 2025 | USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 2 unchanged |
| 26 January 2025 | USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025 | 5 unchanged |
| 26 January 2025 | USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025 | 2 unchanged |
The wording
Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.
Rule 3.6, part 1 of 9
Begins: “If he wins the appeal, he is awarded the…”
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
If he wins the appeal, he is awarded the appropriate call.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 2 of 9
Begins: “After the rally, either player may appeal a double-bounce…”
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
After the rally, either player may appeal a double-bounce call or non-call, kill shots called good or no good, or any call or non-call regarding a legal return.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 3 of 9
Begins: “The outcome of the appeal may result in a…”
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
The outcome of the appeal may result in a point or handout being upheld, reversed or replayed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 4 of 9
Begins: “At no time may a player appeal a hinder…”
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
At no time may a player appeal a hinder serve, hinder (other than court hinders), technicals or other discretionary calls.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 5 of 9
Begins: “The signal to show agreement with the referee is…”
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 6 of 9
Begins: “The signal to show no opinion or that the…”
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, or his/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, part 7 of 9
Begins: “Line judges shall not signal until the referee acknowledges…”
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Line judges shall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
Rule 3.6, item A
Begins: “A. Linesmen. If possible, two linesmen will be used…”
20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
A. Linesmen.
If possible, two linesmen will be used in all matches, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints.
A linesman's opinion is based on his agreement or disagreement with the referee's call.
If a linesman is uncertain, he should abstain from expressing an opinion.14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
A. Linesmen. There should be a linesman, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints, for each of the side lines, the short line and the long line.
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A. Linesmen.
no words changed.
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A. Linesmen.
no words changed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
A.
Linesmen.Line Judges. There should be alinesman,line judge, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints, for each of the side lines, the short line and the long line.4 words added, 2 removed.
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A.
Linesmen.Line Judges. If possible, twolinesmenline judges will be used in all matches, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints. Alinesman'sline judge’s opinion is based onhishis/her agreement or disagreement with the referee's call. If alinesmanline judge is uncertain,hehe/she should abstain from expressing an opinion.10 words added, 6 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
A.
Linesmen.Line Judges. If possible, twolinesmenline judges will be used in all matches, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints. Alinesman'sline judge’s opinion is based onhishis/her agreement or disagreement with the referee's call. If alinesmanline judge is uncertain,hehe/she should abstain from expressing an opinion.10 words added, 6 removed.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
A. Line Judges. If possible, two line judges will be used in all matches, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints. A line judge’s opinion is based on his/her agreement or disagreement with the
referee'sreferee’s call. If a line judge is uncertain, he/she should abstain from expressing an opinion.1 word added, 1 removed.
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
A. Line Judges. There should be a line judge, positioned at the most advantageous
viewpoints,views, for each of the side lines, the short line and the long line.1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
A.
Linesmen.Line Judges. If possible, twolinesmenline judges will be used in all matches, positioned at the most advantageous viewpoints. Alinesman'sline judge’s opinion is based onhishis/her agreement or disagreement with thereferee'sreferee’s call. If alinesmanline judge is uncertain,hehe/she should abstain from expressing an opinion.11 words added, 7 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
A. Line Judges. There should be a line judge, positioned at the most advantageous
views,viewpoints, for each of the side lines, the short line and the long line.1 word added, 1 removed.
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Rule 3.6, item B
Begins: “B. Duties and responsibilities. Linesmen are designated to help…”
20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
B. Duties and responsibilities.
Linesmen are designated to help decide appealed calls.
In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the linesmen must indicate their opinions of the referee's call.
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure or his view was blocked is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.
Line judges should not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
B. Duties and Responsibilities. Their duties shall be to call "Out" the balls that hit the floor or the wall off the court and to call faults on their respective lines as they occur. The short linesman may call skip balls, backswing hinders and two bounce returns at the discretion of the referee. If a linesman is uncertain, he should abstain from making a call. The referee may substitute his decision on a call. Linesmen also help decide appealed calls. In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the linesmen must indicate their opinions of the referee's call. The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up; disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down. The signal to show no agreement or that the line judge is unsure or his view was blocked is an arm extended with an open hand and palm down. Line judges should not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Duties and responsibilities.
unsureunsure, or his view wasblockedblocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.2 words added, 2 removed.
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Duties and responsibilities.
unsureunsure, or his view wasblockedblocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.2 words added, 2 removed.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.
B. Duties and Responsibilities. Their duties shall be to call
"Out""out" the balls that hit the floor or the wall off the court and to call faults on their respective lines as they occur. The short linesman may call skip balls, backswing hinders and two bounce returns at the discretion of the referee. If a linesman is uncertain, he should abstain from making a call. The referee may substitute his decision on a call.
Linesmen also help decide appealed calls.
In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the linesmen must indicate their opinions of the referee's call.
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up; disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
The signal to show no agreement or that the line judge is unsure or his view was blocked is an arm extended with an open hand and palm down.
Line judges should not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.1 word added, 1 removed.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
B. Duties and
Responsibilities. Theirresponsibilities. Line judge duties shall be to call "out" the balls that hit the floor or the wall off the court and to call faults on their respective lines as they occur. The shortlinesmanline judge may call skip balls, backswing hinders and two bounce returns at the discretion of the referee. If alinesmanline judge is uncertain,hehe/she should abstain from making a call. The referee may substitutehishis/her decision on a call.LinesmenLine judges also are designated to help decide appealed calls.
In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, thelinesmenline judges must indicate their opinions of the referee's call.
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumbup;up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
The signal to show noagreementopinion or that the line judge isunsureunsure, orhishis/her view wasblockedlocked, isanarm extended with an open hand and palm down.
Line judgesshouldshall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.22 words added, 15 removed.
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
B. Duties and responsibilities.
LinesmenLine judges are designated to help decide appealed calls. In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, thelinesmenline judges must indicate their opinions of the referee's call. The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down. The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, orhishis/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down. Line judgesshouldshall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.6 words added, 4 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
B. Duties and responsibilities.
LinesmenLine judges are designated to help decide appealed calls. In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, thelinesmenline judges must indicate their opinions of the referee's call. The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down. The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, orhishis/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down. Line judgesshouldshall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.6 words added, 4 removed.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
B. Duties and responsibilities. Line judges are designated to help decide appealed calls. In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the line judges must indicate their opinions of the
referee'sreferee’s call. The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down. The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, or his/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down. Line judges shall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.1 word added, 1 removed.
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
B. Duties and responsibilities. Line judge duties shall be to call "out" the balls that hit the floor or the wall off the court and to call faults on their respective lines as they occur. The short line judge may call skip balls, backswing hinders and two bounce returns at the discretion of the referee. If a line judge is uncertain, he/she should abstain from making a call. The referee may substitute his/her decision on a call.
Line judges also are designated to help decide appealed calls.
In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the line judges must indicate their opinions of the referee's call.
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, or his/her view waslocked,blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.
Line judges shall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.1 word added, 1 removed.
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
B. Duties and responsibilities. Line judge duties shall be to call
"out"“out” the balls that hit the floor or the wall off the court and to call faults on their respective lines as they occur. The short line judge may call skip balls, backswing hinders and two bounce returns at the discretion of the referee. If a line judge is uncertain, he/she should abstain from making a call. The referee may substitute his/her decision on a call.
Line judges also are designated to help decide appealed calls.
In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, the line judges must indicate their opinions of thereferee'sreferee’s call.
The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down.
The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, or his/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down.
Line judges shall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.2 words added, 67 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
B. Duties and responsibilities.
LinesmenLine judges are designated to help decide appealed calls. In the event of an appeal, and after a very brief explanation of the appeal by the referee, thelinesmenline judges must indicate their opinions of thereferee'sreferee’s call. The signal to show agreement with the referee is arm extended with thumb up, disagreement is shown by thumb pointing down. The signal to show no opinion or that the line judge is unsure, orhishis/her view was blocked, is arm extended with an open hand and palm down. Line judgesshouldshall not signal until the referee acknowledges the appeal and asks for a ruling.7 words added, 5 removed.
24 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
All rules: clause history. The family tree is at Rulebooks.