Handball

Clause history · American one-wall, small ball

Rule 4.7 Dead-ball Hinders: how the wording changed

52 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 November 1922 to 30 October 2026. The wording was reworded or changed 55 times.

How to read this page

Rulebook by rulebook

The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.

Every rulebook this rule appears in, in date order, with the kinds of change found
DateRulebookClauses, by kind of change
20 November 1922A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 19221 first recorded
20 November 1927A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 20 November 19271 unchanged
1931A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 19311 unchanged
20 June 1990USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 199012 first recorded
14 October 1994USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 199413 first recorded, 1 reworded
31 January 1999USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 19994 unchanged, 5 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 2 changed
31 January 1999American four-wall, 31 January 19994 unchanged, 5 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 2 changed
2000USHA One-Wall Rules, 200011 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 1 changed
9 March 2001USHA One-Wall Rules, March 200114 unchanged
7 October 2001USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 200113 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
8 April 2002USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 200214 unchanged
20 August 2002USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 200214 unchanged
19 January 2005USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 200412 unchanged
1 April 2005USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 20052 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 7 reworded, 3 changed
15 April 2005USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 20054 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 5 reworded, 2 changed
June 2006USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 200612 unchanged
June 2006American one-wall, small ball, June 200614 unchanged
June 2006USHA One-Wall Rules, June 200614 unchanged
May 2007USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 200712 unchanged
13 October 2007American three-wall, 13 October 20074 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 5 reworded, 2 changed
June 2008USHA One-Wall Rules, June 200813 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
2012USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20125 unchanged, 7 punctuation only
2014USHA Four-Wall Rules, 201412 unchanged
January 2014USHA One-Wall Rules, January 201414 unchanged
6 February 2015USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 201511 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
6 February 2015USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20155 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 2 moved, 2 reworded, 2 changed
6 February 2015USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20152 unchanged, 4 punctuation only, 5 reworded, 1 changed
22 January 2017USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 201712 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 201714 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 201712 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 201912 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 20195 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 2 moved, 2 reworded, 2 changed
12 July 2019American four-wall, 12 July 201912 unchanged
12 July 2019American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 201914 unchanged
26 January 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 202011 unchanged, 1 changed
26 January 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 202013 unchanged, 1 changed
20 September 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, September 202014 unchanged
21 September 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 202012 unchanged
22 January 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 202111 unchanged, 1 changed
22 January 2021USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 202110 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 1 changed
9 December 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 202112 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 202212 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 202214 unchanged
27 November 2022American four-wall, 27 November 202212 unchanged
17 January 2024American four-wall, 17 January 202412 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 202412 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 202414 unchanged
17 July 2024American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 202414 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 202511 unchanged, 1 changed
26 January 2025USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 202513 unchanged, 1 changed
26 January 2025USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 202511 unchanged, 1 reworded
30 October 2026USHA Four-Wall Abridged Rules, May 20101 reworded

The wording

Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.

Rule 4.7, part 1 of 14

Begins: “Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. (See Rule 4.6.F.3)

    Interpretations

    7 interpretations attached.

    • New here Balls that skid on wet walls or floors are court hinders, assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here However, a house rule may prevail for courts that tend to be very humid, causing the ball to frequently skid on the walls.
    • New here In such circumstances, hinders should not be called for balls skidding on walls.
    • New here The referee must inform the players before such a house rule will apply.
    • New here Balls that skid on a wet floor will always be called hinders, regardless of the condition of the court, again assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here The referee must remember that if the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.
    • New here However, if the referee is in doubt, the benefit of that doubt should go to the player attempting to retrieve the ball and the hinder should be called.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play.

    Interpretations

    3 interpretations attached.

    • New here Balls that skid on a wet floor will always be called hinders, assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here The referee must remember that if the ball is judged to be unretrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.
    • New here However, if the referee is in doubt, the benefit of that doubt should go to the player attempting to retrieve the ball and the hinder should be called.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. (See Rule 4.6.F.3) 4.6.F.3).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Interpretations

    7 interpretations attached; 7 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. (See Rule 4.6.F.3) 4.6.F.3).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Interpretations

    7 interpretations attached; 7 carried over unchanged.

  5. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  6. 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    7 interpretations attached; 7 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. ( See Rule 4.6.F.3 ).

    5 words added.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here Balls that skid on wet floors are court hinders, assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here This situation comes about when the offensive player finds himself/herself unable to execute a swing without immediately hitting the opponent with his/her hand, arm or the ball.
    • New here This rule is designed to increase the safety of all players and is not meant to create additional opportunities for players to stop play.
    • New here Players who call for a safety hold-up and stop play may find the referee in disagreement, in which case the referee’s call prevails.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 B.1&2: Interpretation No. 12
    • New here The referee must remember that if the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.
    • New here However, if the referee is in doubt, the benefit of that doubt should go to the player attempting to retrieve the ball and the hinder should be called.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 6 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here However, a house rule may prevail for courts that tend to be very humid, frequently causing the ball to skid on the walls.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.
    • New here A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here This situation comes about when the offensive player finds himself/herself unable to execute a swing without immediately hitting the opponent with his/her hand, arm or the ball.
    • New here This rule is designed to increase the safety of all players and is not meant to create additional opportunities for players to stop play.
    • New here Players who call for a safety hold-up and stop play may find the referee in disagreement, in which case the referee’s call prevails.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.B: Interpretation No. 12

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

  10. June 2006 American one-wall, small ball

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

  11. June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

  13. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 6 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here However, a house rule may prevail for courts that tend to be very humid, frequently causing the ball to skid on the walls.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.
    • New here A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here This situation comes about when the offensive player finds himself/herself unable to execute a swing without immediately hitting the opponent with his/her hand, arm or the ball.
    • New here This rule is designed to increase the safety of all players and is not meant to create additional opportunities for players to stop play.
    • New here Players who call for a safety hold-up and stop play may find the referee in disagreement, in which case the referee’s call prevails.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.B: Interpretation No. 12

  14. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  17. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  18. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here If the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  19. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. ( See (See Rule 4.6.F.3 ). 4.6.F.3).

    2 words added, 4 removed.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 4 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here Balls that skid on wet walls or floors are court hinders, assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here However, a house rule may prevail for courts that tend to be very humid, frequently causing the ball to skid on the walls.
    • New here In such circumstances, hinders should not be called for balls skidding on walls.
    • New here The referee must inform the players before such a house rule will apply.
    • New here Balls that skid on a wet floor will always be called hinders, regardless of the condition of the court, again assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.
    • New here A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.B: Interpretation No. 12
    • New here If the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  20. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 5 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here However, a house rule may prevail for courts that tend to be very humid, frequently causing the ball to skid on the walls.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.
    • New here A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here This situation comes about when the offensive player finds himself/herself unable to execute a swing without immediately hitting the opponent with his/her hand, arm or the ball.
    • New here This rule is designed to increase the safety of all players and is not meant to create additional opportunities for players to stop play.
    • New here Players who call for a safety hold-up and stop play may find the referee in disagreement, in which case the referee’s call prevails.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7.B: Interpretation No. 12
    • New here If the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  21. 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  22. 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  23. 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  24. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  25. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. (See ( See Rule 4.6.F.3). 4.6.F.3 ).

    4 words added, 2 removed.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 4 carried over unchanged; 10 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 A.(1): Interpretation No. 10
    • New here Balls that skid on wet floors are court hinders, assuming that the player was in position to make a return had the ball bounced truly.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 A.7: Interpretation No. 11
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.7 B.1&2: Interpretation No. 12
    • New here The referee must remember that if the ball is judged to be un-retrievable, a hinder should not be called no matter what kind of interference takes place.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  26. 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

  27. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

  28. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  29. 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  30. 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  31. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  32. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  33. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Dead-ball hinders should be called when interference affects the play. ( See (See Rule 4.6.F.3 ). 4.6.F.3).

    2 words added, 4 removed.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  34. 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  35. 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  36. 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  37. 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

  38. 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

  39. 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  40. 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  41. 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

  42. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  43. 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    9 interpretations attached; 9 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  44. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    14 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

Rule 4.7, part 2 of 14

Begins: “1.) Court hinders. If, in the referee's opinion, an…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    1.) Court hinders.
    If, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, a court hinder should be called.
    The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call.
    Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid.
    This is the referee's call, not the player's (See Interpretation No. 10).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    1) Court hinders. If, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid. This is the referee's call, not the player's (See Interpretation No. 10).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    1.) Court hinders.
    If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, a court hinder should be called.
    The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call.
    Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid.
    This is the referee's call, not the player's player's. (See Interpretation No. 10).

    8 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    1.) Court hinders.
    If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, a court hinder should be called.
    The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call.
    Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid.
    This is the referee's call, not the player's player's. (See Interpretation No. 10).

    8 words added, 1 removed.

  5. 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.

    1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid. This is the referee's call, not the player's (See Interpretation No. 10). 10 and Rule 4.3A1).

    11 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  6. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  7. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    1) 1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served served, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid. This is the referee's call, not the player's player's. (See Interpretation No. 10 and Rule 4.3A1). 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1)

    11 words added, 9 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee's call, not the player's. (See Interpretation No. 10).

    3 words added, 5 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  10. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee's call, not the player's. (See Interpretation No. 10).

    3 words added, 5 removed.

  11. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  12. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    1.) 1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee's referee’s call, not the player's. player’s.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  13. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    1.) 1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee's referee’s call, not the player's. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1) player’s.

    7 words added, 11 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    1.) 1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee's referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction, obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee's referee’s call, not the player's. (See Interpretation No. 10). player’s.

    7 words added, 9 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  17. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    1) 1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1)

    8 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  18. 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
  19. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

  20. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The If the ball obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s.

    61 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  21. 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.

    1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The If the ball obviously would not have reached the wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1)

    60 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  22. 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  23. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule

  24. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. If the ball obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. skid, or a ball that skids due to it being wet by any other means. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s.

    15 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  25. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. If the ball obviously would not have reached the wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid. skid, or a ball that skids due to it being wet by any other means. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1)

    15 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  26. 8 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic

  27. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. If the ball obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid, or a ball that skids due to it being wet by any other means. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s.

    61 words removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  28. 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.

    1.) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. If the ball obviously would not have reached the wall on the fly, the player who hit the shot will lose the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called. Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, causing it to skid, or a ball that skids due to it being wet by any other means. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s. (See Rule 3.4 A.4 and 4.3 A.1)

    60 words removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  29. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    1) Court hinders. If, after the ball has been legally served, in the referee’s opinion, an erratic bounce is caused by a court obstruction or irregularity, a court hinder should be called. The player Players should not stop play at any time in anticipation of a call. Included in court hinders is the ball that hits a wet spot on the floor, walls or ceiling, causing it to skid. skid, or a ball that skids due to it being wet by any other means. This is the referee’s call, not the player’s.

    16 words added, 6 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

Rule 4.7, part 3 of 14

Begins: “1) Standing still. If a player attempting to play…”

  1. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    1) Standing still. If a player attempting to play a ball is interfered with by an opponent, who, after his side has played the ball, was perfectly still in front of or aside the player, it is NOT a hinder. This "legal" hinder is the essence of the one-wall game. However, if a player of the side that has just hit the ball stands perfectly still, but his opponent moves back into him in trying to play the ball, not necessarily making contact, and is thus kept from having a fair chance to play the ball, it is a hinder. It is the duty of the player farther from the wall to get out of the way (See Interpretation No. 11).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  3. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    1) Standing still. If a player attempting to play a ball is interfered with by an opponent, who, after his side has played the ball, was perfectly still in front of or aside the player, it is NOT a hinder. This "legal" hinder is the essence of the one-wall game. However, if a player of the side that has just hit the ball stands perfectly still, but his opponent moves back into him in trying to play the ball, not necessarily making contact, and is thus kept from having a fair chance to play the ball, it is a hinder. It is the duty of the player farther from the wall to get out of the way way. (See Interpretation No. 11). 12)

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  5. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    1) Standing still. If a player attempting to play a ball is interfered with by an opponent, who, after his side has played the ball, was perfectly still in front of or aside the player, it is NOT a hinder. This "legal" “legal” hinder is the essence of the one-wall game. However, if a player of the side that has just hit the ball stands perfectly still, but his opponent moves back into him in trying to play the ball, not necessarily making contact, and is thus kept from having a fair chance to play the ball, it is a hinder. It is the duty of the player farther from the wall to get out of the way. (See Interpretation No. 12)

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  6. 10 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule

Rule 4.7, part 4 of 14

Begins: “2.) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    2.) Ball hits opponent.
    When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally.
    If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall or if there is any doubt in the official's mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    2) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the wall, and the shot obviously would not have been fair, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally. If there is any doubt in the official's mind, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    2.) Ball hits opponent.
    When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally.
    If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall wall, or if there is any doubt in the official's mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    2.) Ball hits opponent.
    When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally.
    If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall wall, or if there is any doubt in the official's mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    2) 2.) Ball hits opponent. opponent . When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the wall, and the shot obviously would not have been fair, the player who is was hit by the shot will be awarded the rally. rally . If there is any doubt in the official's official’s mind, a dead-ball dead ball hinder will shall be called.

    10 words added, 7 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

  8. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.

    2.) Ball hits opponent . opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the wall, and the shot obviously would not have been fair, the player who was hit by the shot will be awarded the rally . If there is any doubt in the official’s mind, a dead ball hinder shall be called.

    1 word added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    2.) 2) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official's official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  10. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  11. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    2.) 2) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have been fair, reached the front wall on the fly, the player who was is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally . rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind, a dead mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder shall will be called.

    36 words added, 10 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    2.) 2) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, the player who is hit by the shot will be awarded the rally. If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official's official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, a dead-ball hinder will be called.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  13. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  14. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    2) 2.) Ball hits opponent. When a returned ball touches an opponent on the fly before hitting the front wall, and the shot obviously would not have reached the front wall on the fly, been fair, the player who is was hit by the shot will be awarded the rally. rally . If the ball had any chance of reaching the wall, or if there is any doubt in the official’s mind as to whether the ball would have reached the front wall, mind, a dead-ball dead ball hinder will shall be called.

    10 words added, 36 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, part 5 of 14

Begins: “2) Being moved into the ball. If a player…”

  1. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    2) Being moved into the ball. If a player on the side that has just hit the ball is moved or pushed unintentionally into the ball, or prevented from getting out of the way of a ball, by an opponent trying to play the ball, it is a dead ball hinder.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 21 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item 3

Begins: “3.) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    3.) Body contact.
    If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called.
    Except for the offensive player stopping play during his back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder.
    It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    3) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his backswing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether or not the contact impeded the play.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    3.) Body contact.
    If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called.
    Except for the offensive player stopping play during his back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder.
    It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    no words changed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    3.) Body contact.
    If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called.
    Except for the offensive player stopping play during his back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder.
    It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    no words changed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    3) 3.) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his backswing, his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether or not the contact impeded the play.

    32 words added, 5 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    3.) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    30 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  9. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Changed automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    3.) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    30 words added, 1 removed.

  10. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  11. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    3.) 3) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    3.) 3) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Changed automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    3.) 3) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    31 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  16. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    3) 3.) Body contact. If body contact occurs and the referee believes it was sufficient to stop the rally, either to prevent injury or because the contact distracted or prevented a player from being able to make a reasonable return, a hinder will be called. Except for the offensive player stopping play during his/her back-swing, physical contact is not an automatic hinder. Any other time an offensive player may immediately stop play and call contact, however, this is not an automatic hinder and the player stops play at his/her own risk. It is the judgment of the referee as to whether the contact impeded the play.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  17. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item 4

Begins: “4.) Screen ball. Any ball rebounding from the front…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    4.) Screen ball.
    Any ball rebounding from the front wall so close to the body of a defensive player that it interferes with or prevents the offensive player from having a clear view of the ball.
    The referee should be careful not to make the screen call so quickly that it takes away a good offensive opportunity.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    4) Moving on service. If the server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball (See Rule 4.3A1).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    4.) Screen ball.
    Any ball rebounding from the front wall so close to the body of a defensive player that it interferes with or prevents the offensive player from having a clear view of the ball.
    The referee should be careful not to make the screen call so quickly that it takes away a good an offensive opportunity. advantage.

    2 words added, 3 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    4.) Screen ball.
    Any ball rebounding from the front wall so close to the body of a defensive player that it interferes with or prevents the offensive player from having a clear view of the ball.
    The referee should be careful not to make the screen call so quickly that it takes away a good an offensive opportunity. advantage.

    2 words added, 3 removed.

  5. 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.

    4) Moving on service. If the server or his partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball (See Rule 4.3A1). 4.3B1).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  6. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  7. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    4) 4.) Moving on service. If the server or his his/her partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball ball. (See Rule 4.3B1). 4.3B1)

    4 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 7 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    4.) 4) Screen ball. Any ball rebounding from the front wall so close to the body of a defensive player that it interferes with or prevents the offensive player from having a clear view of the ball. The referee should be careful not to make the screen call so quickly that it takes away an offensive advantage.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  10. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  11. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    4.) 4) Moving on service. If the server or his/her partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball. (See Rule 4.3B1)

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    4.) 4) Screen ball. Any ball rebounding from the front wall so close to the body of a defensive player that it interferes with or prevents the offensive player from having a clear view of the ball. The referee should be careful not to make the screen call so quickly that it takes away an offensive advantage.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  13. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  14. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    4) 4.) Moving on service. If the server or his/her partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball. (See Rule 4.3B1)

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 7 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  16. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    4.) Moving on service. If the server or his/her partner moves out of the way of a legally served ball. (See Rule 4.3B1) 4.3.B.1)

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  17. 11 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item 5

Begins: “6.) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play,…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    6.) Back-swing hinder.
    A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his back-swing.
    He may immediately say "Contact" if he wants a contact hinder.
    If he elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted.
    The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his opponent's back-swing.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    5) Backswing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his backswing. He may immediately call "Contact" if he wants a contact hinder. If he elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his opponent's backswing.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    6.) Back-swing hinder.
    A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his back-swing.
    He may immediately say "Contact" if he wants a contact hinder.
    If he elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted.
    The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his opponent's back-swing.

    no words changed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    6.) Back-swing hinder.
    A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his back-swing.
    He may immediately say "Contact" if he wants a contact hinder.
    If he elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted.
    The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his opponent's back-swing.

    no words changed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    5) Backswing 5.) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his his/her backswing. He He/she may immediately call say "Contact" if he he/she wants a contact hinder. If he he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his his/her opponent's backswing. back-swing.

    9 words added, 9 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    6.) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his back-swing. He his/her backswing. He/she may immediately say "Contact" if he he/she wants a contact hinder. If he he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his his/her opponent's back-swing.

    6 words added, 6 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  9. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    6.) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his back-swing. He his/her backswing. He/she may immediately say "Contact" if he he/she wants a contact hinder. If he he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his his/her opponent's back-swing.

    6 words added, 6 removed.

  10. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  11. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    6.) 6) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his/her backswing. He/she may immediately say "Contact" “Contact” if he/she wants a contact hinder. If he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his/her opponent's opponent’s back-swing.

    3 words added, 3 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  13. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    6) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his/her backswing. back-swing. He/she may immediately say “Contact” if he/she wants a contact hinder. If he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his/her opponent’s back-swing.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    5.) 6) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his/her backswing. back-swing. He/she may immediately say "Contact" “Contact” if he/she wants a contact hinder. If he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his/her opponent's opponent’s back-swing.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    6.) 6) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his his/her back-swing. He He/she may immediately say "Contact" “Contact” if he he/she wants a contact hinder. If he he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his opponent's his/her opponent’s back-swing.

    8 words added, 8 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  17. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  18. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    6) 5.) Back-swing hinder. A player may not stop play, except on physical contact during his/her back-swing. backswing. He/she may immediately say “Contact” if he/she wants a contact hinder. If he/she elects to hit the ball, no contact call will be permitted. The defensive player may not stop play if contact occurs during his/her opponent’s back-swing.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  19. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item 6

Begins: “7.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    7.) Safety holdup.
    Any player about to execute a return who believes he will strike his opponent with his hand or arm may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder.
    This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee.
    The referee must grant the hinder if he believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot.
    The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    6) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he will strike his opponent with his hand or arm, may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted (See Rule 4.8G). This does not affect the rules on legal hinders (See Rule 4.7B1).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    7.) Safety holdup.
    Any player about to execute a return who believes he will strike his opponent with his hand or arm may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder.
    This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee.
    The referee must grant the hinder if he believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot.
    The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    no words changed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    7.) Safety holdup.
    Any player about to execute a return who believes he will strike his opponent with his hand or arm may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder.
    This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee.
    The referee must grant the hinder if he believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot.
    The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    no words changed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    6) 6.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he he/she will strike his his/her opponent with his hand or his/her hand, arm, or ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted warranted. (See Rule 4.8G). 4.9 G) This does not affect the rules on legal hinders hinders. (See Rule 4.7B1). 4.7 B.1)

    14 words added, 11 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    7.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he he/she will strike his his/her opponent with his hand his/her hand, arm, or arm the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    8 words added, 6 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  9. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    7.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he he/she will strike his his/her opponent with his hand his/her hand, arm, or arm the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    8 words added, 6 removed.

  10. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  11. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    7.) 7) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he/she will strike his/her opponent with his/her hand, arm, or the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    6.) 7) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he/she will strike his/her opponent with his/her hand, arm, or the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted. (See Rule 4.9 G)
    This does not affect the rules on legal hinders. (See Rule 4.7 B.1)

    2 words added, 5 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    7.) 7) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he he/she will strike his his/her opponent with his hand his/her hand, arm, or arm the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.

    9 words added, 7 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  16. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    7) 6.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he/she will strike his/her opponent with his/her hand, arm, or the ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted.
    (See Rule 4.9 G) This does not affect the rules on legal hinders. (See Rule 4.7 B.1)

    5 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  17. 7 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  18. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    6.) Safety holdup. Any player about to execute a return who believes he/she will strike his/her opponent with his/her hand, arm, or ball may immediately stop play and request a dead-ball hinder. This call must be made immediately and is subject to approval by the referee. The referee must grant the hinder if he/she believes the holdup was reasonable and the player otherwise might have been able to return the shot. The referee might also call an avoidable hinder if warranted. (See Rule 4.9 G) This does not affect the rules on legal hinders. (See Rule 4.7 B.1) 4.7.B.1)

    1 word added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  19. 11 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item 7

Begins: “8.) Other interference. Any other unintentional interference that prevents…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    8.) Other interference.
    Any other unintentional interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    7) Other interference. Any other unintentional interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    8.) Other interference.
    Any other unintentional unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    8.) Other interference.
    Any other unintentional unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    7) 7.) Other interference. Any other unintentional unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 7 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  8. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    8.) 8) Other interference. Any other unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  10. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    7.) 8) Other interference. Any other unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  11. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    8.) 8) Other interference. Any other unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  13. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    8) 7.) Other interference. Any other unavoidable interference that prevents a player from having a fair chance to see or return the ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  14. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item A

Begins: “A. Situations”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    A. Situations

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    A. Situations.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 9 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
    • 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. Read the rule

  4. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    A. Situations Situations.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  5. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  6. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    A. Situations Situations.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  7. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
    • 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. Read the rule

  8. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    A. Situations Situations.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. 24 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item B

Begins: “B. Avoidance. While attempting to return the ball, a…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    B. Avoidance.
    While attempting to return the ball, a player is entitled to a fair chance to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to move so the offensive side may go straight to the ball and not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself and his position interferes with his opponent's attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his partner (See Interpretation No. 11).

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    B. Avoidance.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    B. Avoidance.
    While attempting to return the ball, a player is entitled to a fair chance to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to move so the offensive side may go straight to the ball and not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself and his position interferes with his opponent's attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his partner partner. (See Interpretation No. 11).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    B. Avoidance.
    While attempting to return the ball, a player is entitled to a fair chance to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to move so the offensive side may go straight to the ball and not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself and his position interferes with his opponent's attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his partner partner. (See Interpretation No. 11).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  5. 6 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  6. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    B. Avoidance. Yielding fair access.

    3 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    B. Avoidance. Yielding fair access. While attempting to return the ball, a the offensive player is entitled to a fair chance access to see and return the ball. It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to move yield position so the offensive side may go straight to the ball and will not be required to go around an opponent. In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called. The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late. When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself himself/herself and his his/her position interferes with his his/her opponent's attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player. It is not a hinder when a player hinders his his/her partner. (See Interpretation No. 11).

    13 words added, 20 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  9. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Changed automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    B. Avoidance. Yielding fair access. While attempting to return the ball, a the offensive player is entitled to a fair chance access to see and return the ball. It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to move yield position so the offensive side may go straight to the ball and will not be required to go around an opponent. In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called. The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late. When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself himself/herself and his his/her position interferes with his his/her opponent's attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player. It is not a hinder when a player hinders his his/her partner. (See Interpretation No. 11).

    13 words added, 20 removed.

  10. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  11. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    B. Yielding fair access.
    While attempting to return the ball, the offensive player is entitled to fair access to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to yield position so the offensive side will not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself/herself and his/her position interferes with his/her opponent's opponent’s attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his/her partner.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    B. Yielding fair access.
    While attempting to return the ball, the offensive player is entitled to fair access to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to yield position so the offensive side will not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself/herself and his/her position interferes with his/her opponent’s attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his/her partner.

    171 words added.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  14. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  15. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    B. Yielding fair access.
    While attempting to return the ball, the offensive player is entitled to fair access to see and return the ball.
    It is the duty of the defensive side that has just served or returned the ball to yield position so the offensive side will not be required to go around an opponent.
    In the judgment of the referee, however, the offensive player must make a reasonable effort to move toward the ball and have a reasonable chance to return the ball before a hinder is called.
    The referee should be liberal in calling hinders to discourage playing the ball in such a way that an opponent cannot see it or swing at it until it is too late.
    When a player attempts a killshot in front of himself/herself and his/her position interferes with his/her opponent’s attempt to retrieve the ball, the referee should give the benefit of any doubt as to whether the ball was retrievable to the defensive player.
    It is not a hinder when a player hinders his/her partner.

    171 words removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item C

Begins: “In doubles both players on a side are entitled…”

  1. 20 November 1922 A.A.U. One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    In doubles both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball and either one is entitled to a decision on a hinder, even though it might be the partner's ball and notwithstanding that the partner may be attempting to play the ball or that he may have already missed it.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 20 November 1927 A.A.U. One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  3. 1931 A.A.U. One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  4. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    C. Doubles.
    Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball.
    Either one could been titled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his partner's ball and even though his partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  5. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with A.A.U. One-Wall Rules, 1931.

    In doubles both C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball and either ball. Either one is could be entitled to a decision on a hinder, hinder even though it might naturally would be the his partner's ball and notwithstanding that the even though his partner may be attempting have attempted to play the ball or that he may have and has already missed (not touched) it.

    20 words added, 25 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  6. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    C. Doubles.
    Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball.
    Either one could have been titled entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his partner's ball and even though his partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  7. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    C. Doubles.
    Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball.
    Either one could have been titled entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his partner's ball and even though his partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

  8. 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed (See Rule 4.71) chance at the ball. Either one could be entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his partner's ball and even though his partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    5 words added.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  9. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  10. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed (See Rule 4.71) chance at the ball. Either one could be have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his his/her partner's ball and even though his the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    4 words added, 6 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  11. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball. Either one could have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his his/her partner's ball and even though his the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  12. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  13. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball. Either one could have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his his/her partner's ball and even though his the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  14. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule

  15. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball. Either one could have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his/her partner's partner’s ball and even though the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  17. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball. Either one could have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his/her partner's partner’s ball and even though the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  18. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    C. Doubles. Both players on a side are entitled to a fair and unobstructed chance at the ball. Either one could have been entitled to a hinder even though it naturally would be his partner's his/her partner’s ball and even though his the partner may have attempted to play the ball and has already missed (not touched) it.

    3 words added, 3 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  19. 24 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.7, item D

Begins: “D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    D. Effect.
    A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call.
    However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout.
    The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 A.7.,and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or handout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7A6, and 4.7A7, and are subject to approval by the referee. Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    D. Effect.
    A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call.
    However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout.
    The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 A.7.,and A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    D. Effect.
    A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call.
    However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout.
    The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 A.7.,and A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

  5. 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
  6. 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule

  7. 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or handout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7A6, 4.7A5, and 4.7A7, 4.7A6, and are subject to approval by the referee. Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  8. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule

  9. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or handout. out. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7A5, 4.7 A. 5., and 4.7A6, 4.7 A.6., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    7 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  10. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 4.7. A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  11. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

  12. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 4.7. A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  13. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
    • 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule

  14. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or out. sideout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 5., 6., and 4.7 A.6., 4.7. A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  15. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7 4.7. A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    2 words added, 2 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  16. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  17. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

    Reworded automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout. out. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., 5., and 4.7. A.7., 4.7 A.6., and are subject to approval by the referee.
    Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

    Read this rule in the rulebook

  18. 19 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

  19. 30 October 2026 USHA Four-Wall Abridged Rules (American four-wall (USHA-ABRIDGED side line))

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    D. Effect. A hinder call stops the play and usually voids any situation that follows, such as the ball hitting a player who stopped playing because of the call. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, his/her call was not responsible for the player being hit by the ball, the referee may overrule the hinder call and declare either a point or sideout. The only hinders a player may call are specified in Rules 4.7 A. 6., and 4.7. A.7., and are subject to approval by the referee.
     Whenever a dead-ball hinder is called, called the rally is replayed and any previous fault on the server is voided.

    1 word added, 91 removed.

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