Clause history · American four-wall

Rule 4.3 Defective Serves: how the wording changed

50 rulebooks state this rule, from 1928 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 11 times.

How to read this page

Rulebook by rulebook

The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.

Every rulebook this rule appears in, in date order, with the kinds of change found
DateRulebookClauses, by kind of change
1928A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 19281 first recorded
1931A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 19311 first recorded, 1 moved
20 June 1990USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 19903 first recorded, 2 reworded
14 October 1994USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 19942 first recorded
31 January 1999USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 19994 unchanged, 1 reworded
31 January 1999American four-wall, 31 January 19994 unchanged, 1 reworded
2000USHA One-Wall Rules, 20001 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
9 March 2001USHA One-Wall Rules, March 20012 unchanged
7 October 2001USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 20012 unchanged
8 April 2002USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 20022 unchanged
20 August 2002USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 20022 unchanged
19 January 2005USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 20044 unchanged, 1 changed
1 April 2005USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 20053 first recorded, 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded
15 April 2005USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 20054 first recorded, 4 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
June 2006USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 20069 unchanged
June 2006American one-wall, small ball, June 20065 unchanged
June 2006USHA One-Wall Rules, June 20065 unchanged
May 2007USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 20079 unchanged
13 October 2007American three-wall, 13 October 20074 first recorded, 3 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 changed
June 2008USHA One-Wall Rules, June 20085 unchanged
2012USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20124 unchanged, 5 punctuation only
2014USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20141 first recorded, 9 unchanged
January 2014USHA One-Wall Rules, January 20141 first recorded, 5 unchanged
6 February 2015USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 20159 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
6 February 2015USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20156 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 reworded
6 February 2015USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 20154 first recorded, 1 unchanged, 5 punctuation only
22 January 2017USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 201710 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 20179 unchanged
22 January 2017USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 201710 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 20191 first recorded, 10 unchanged
27 January 2019USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 20193 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 reworded
12 July 2019American four-wall, 12 July 201911 unchanged
12 July 2019American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 20196 unchanged
26 January 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 202010 unchanged, 1 changed
26 January 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 20205 unchanged
20 September 2020USHA One-Wall Rules, September 20205 unchanged
21 September 2020USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 202011 unchanged
22 January 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 202111 unchanged
22 January 2021USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 20215 unchanged
9 December 2021USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 202111 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 202211 unchanged
23 January 2022USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 20224 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
27 November 2022American four-wall, 27 November 202211 unchanged
17 January 2024American four-wall, 17 January 202411 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 202411 unchanged
26 January 2024USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 20245 unchanged
17 July 2024American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 20245 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 202511 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 20255 unchanged
26 January 2025USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 202510 unchanged, 1 changed

The wording

Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.

Rule 4.3, part 1 of 11

Begins: “However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side…”

  1. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 B.
    • New here (1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  2. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  3. June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  4. June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  5. June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  6. May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  7. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  8. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  10. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  11. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    However, if If the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called.

    1 word added, 2 removed.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a screen should not be called.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  15. 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  16. 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged.

  17. 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  18. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  19. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    If However, if the receiver positions himself/herself to one side of center or anticipates the serve is going to be hit to one side and moves in that direction too quickly, and the serve is hit to the opposite side, a hinder should not be called.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
  20. 12 July 2019 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  21. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  22. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  23. 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  24. 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  25. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  26. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  27. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  28. 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  29. 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  30. 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  31. 27 November 2022 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  32. 17 January 2024 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  33. 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  34. 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  35. 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  36. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  37. 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  38. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7

Rule 4.3, part 2 of 11

Begins: “It is also important that the referee attempt to…”

  1. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 B.
    • New here (1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  2. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  3. June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  4. June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  5. June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  6. May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  7. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  8. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  10. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  11. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    It is also important that the referee attempt to position himself/herself in the middle of the balcony whenever possible so that he/she will have the same angle of view as the receiver.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  15. 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  16. 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged.

  17. 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  18. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  19. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
  20. 12 July 2019 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  21. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  22. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  23. 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  24. 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  25. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  26. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  27. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  28. 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  29. 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  30. 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  31. 27 November 2022 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  32. 17 January 2024 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  33. 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  34. 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  35. 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  36. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  37. 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  38. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7

Rule 4.3, part 3 of 11

Begins: “The best answer to this dilemma is: When in…”

  1. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a hinder serve.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 B.
    • New here (1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The hinder serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a hinder should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a shot, the hinder should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 D (3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  2. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  3. June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  4. June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  5. June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  6. May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  7. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  8. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  10. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  11. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  13. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 13 carried over unchanged; 5 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here The referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  14. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    The best answer to this dilemma is: When in doubt, call a screen.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  15. 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  16. 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    16 interpretations attached; 16 carried over unchanged.

  17. 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  18. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  19. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 14 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be hindered, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary hinder will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3 C (6): Interpretation No. 7
  20. 12 July 2019 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  21. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  22. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  23. 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  24. 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  25. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  26. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  27. 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  28. 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  29. 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  30. 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  31. 27 November 2022 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  32. 17 January 2024 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  33. 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  34. 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  35. 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  36. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  37. 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    18 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged.

  38. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7

Rule 4.3, part 4 of 11

Begins: “The receiver should be given the benefit of any…”

  1. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  2. June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  3. May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  4. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server's partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the "out-of-order" rule shall apply.
  5. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 18 carried over unchanged; 2 earlier ones no longer attached.

    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  6. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  7. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  8. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    First recorded automatic

    The receiver should be given the benefit of any doubt so long as his/her receiving position is in the center of the court.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.B.(1): Interpretation No. 5
    • New here The receiver standing in the center of the rear court, two to four feet from the back wall, should have a clear view of the served ball as it rebounds from the front wall when it is approximately five feet in front of the service zone.
    • New here This is a difficult call because there will be instances in which the receiver will be screened, but the ball has been hit so high that it is going to result in a back-wall setup and the receiver will have time to get into a good position to attempt his/her shot.
    • New here The screen serve, like any other hinder, is based on interference affecting the play.
    • New here In the case just mentioned, there is initial interference, but the receiver still has time to get into good position so that the momentary screen will not affect the play.
    • New here In such a case, the referee should not make the call too quickly, but should watch the reaction of the receiver.
    • New here If the referee feels that the receiver hesitates getting into position, a screen should be called.
    • New here If, however, the receiver moves quickly and obviously is going to have time to get into good position for a back-wall shot, the screen should not be called.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(3): Interpretation No. 6
    • New here Even though the foot fault occurs before the out serve, the out serve penalty takes precedence and shall be enforced.
    • New here Another example: A server foot faults when contacting the ball and the ball does not hit the front wall first.
    • New here Again, the out serve penalty should be enforced.
    • New here For this reason, a referee should wait until after the ball is served to call a foot fault.
    • New here In doubles, the server should not be called out if his/her partner intentionally catches the ball in self defense.
    • New here However, if the server’s partner catches a served ball that otherwise would not have hit him/her, an out is the proper call.
    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.C.(6): Interpretation No. 7
    • New here If the referee is doing a proper job, there should be no out-of-order serves.
    • New here The referee should keep the players informed as to which player is the server.
    • New here If the referee sees that a player is about to serve out of order, the referee should immediately stop the player from serving and inform the team as to which player should be the server.
    • New here If, however, a player does serve out of order, the “out-of-order” rule shall apply.
  9. 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  10. 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  11. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7
  12. 12 July 2019 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  13. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  14. 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  15. 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  16. 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  17. 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  18. 27 November 2022 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  19. 17 January 2024 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  20. 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  21. 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 20 carried over unchanged.

  22. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.

    Interpretations

    20 interpretations attached; 19 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.

    • New here Part 4, Rule 4.3.D.(6): Interpretation No. 7

Rule 4.3, part 5 of 11

Begins: “3.) Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    3.) Three-wall serve.
    Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor.
  2. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    3.) Three-wall serve.
    Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor.

    no words changed.

  3. 31 January 1999 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    3.) Three-wall serve.
    Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor.

    no words changed.

  4. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
  5. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    3.) 3) Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  6. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  7. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    3.) 3) Three-wall serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and then hits any two other walls before hitting the floor.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  8. 15 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.3, part 6 of 11

Begins: “3) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the…”

  1. 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    3) Wrong score announced. If it is determined the wrong score has been announced by the referee before the serve has become a legal serve the score shall be corrected and the serve shall be replayed. Any prior rallies shall not be affected.
  2. 11 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule

Rule 4.3, item 4

Begins: “4.) Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    4.) Ceiling serve.
    Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling before hitting the floor.
  2. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    4.) Ceiling serve.
    Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling before hitting the floor. ceiling.

    1 word added, 5 removed.

  3. 31 January 1999 American four-wall

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    4.) Ceiling serve.
    Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling before hitting the floor. ceiling.

    1 word added, 5 removed.

  4. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
  5. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    4.) 4) Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  6. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  7. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    4.) 4) Ceiling serve. Any serve that hits the front wall first and then touches the ceiling.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  8. 15 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.3, item 5

Begins: “A served ball which rebounds from the front wall…”

  1. 1928 A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    A served ball which rebounds from the front wall and touches the back wall or ceiling before touching the floor is termed a "short" ball.
  2. 1931 A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules

    Moved automatic

    Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1928.

    A served ball which rebounds from the front wall and touches the back wall or ceiling before touching the floor is termed a "short" short ball.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  3. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931.

    A served ball which rebounds from 5.) Long serve.
    Any serve that first hits
    the front wall and touches rebounds to the back wall or ceiling before touching the floor is termed a short ball. floor.

    11 words added, 15 removed.

  4. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, receiver(s) must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. Referee will award a point for failure to return.
  5. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    5.) Long serve.
    Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor.

    no words changed.

  6. 31 January 1999 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    5.) Long serve.
    Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor.

    no words changed.

  7. 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.

    3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, receiver(s) receiver (S) must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. Referee will award a point for failure to return.

    2 words added, 1 removed.

  8. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  9. 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    5.) Long serve. Serve. Any serve served ball that first hits the front wall and rebounds to past the back wall outer edge of the long line before touching the floor. During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return.

    33 words added, 5 removed.

  10. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    3) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the wall and on the rebound hits the floor in back of the long line and on or between the side lines. During tournament play, receiver (S) receiver(s) must not catch a serve that is assumed will be long. Referee will The referee shall award a point for failure to return.

    4 words added, 4 removed.

  11. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
  12. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    5.) Long serve. Serve. Any serve served ball that first hits the front wall and rebounds to past the back wall outer edge of the long line before touching the floor. During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return.

    33 words added, 5 removed.

  13. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
  14. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    5.) 5) Long serve. Any serve that first hits the front wall and rebounds to the back wall before touching the floor.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  15. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014. Read the rule
  16. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    5.) 5) Long Serve. Any served ball that first hits the front wall and rebounds past the outer edge of the long line before touching the floor. During tournament play, receivers must not catch long serves that they assume to be long. Referee will award point for failure to return.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  17. 24 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.3, item 6

Begins: “A served ball which rebounds from the front wall…”

  1. 1931 A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    A served ball which rebounds from the front wall over the back wall and out of the court without touching the floor shall be termed a short ball.
  2. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Reworded machine-reviewed

    Compared with A.A.U. Four-Wall Rules, 1931.

    A served ball which rebounds from 6.) Out-of-court serve.
    Any serve that first strikes
    the front wall over the back wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor shall be termed a short ball. floor.

    11 words added, 17 removed.

  3. 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    6.) Out-of-court serve.
    Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor.

    no words changed.

  4. 31 January 1999 American four-wall

    Unchanged automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.

    6.) Out-of-court serve.
    Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor.

    no words changed.

  5. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic
    • 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
  6. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    6.) 6) Out-of-court serve. Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  7. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  8. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    6.) 6) Out-of-court serve. Any serve that first strikes the front wall and then rebounds out of the court without touching the floor.

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  9. 15 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

Rule 4.3, item 8

Begins: “8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a…”

  1. 20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1 D).
  2. 14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    5) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop (See Rule 4.1D).
  3. 8 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
    • 31 January 1999 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
    • 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
    • 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
  4. 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.

    5) 5.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop (See drop. ( See Rule 4.1D). 4.1 D).

    6 words added, 4 removed.

  5. 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1 4.1. D).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  6. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • June 2006 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
    • June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
    • May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
  7. 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.

    8.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1 4.1. D).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  8. June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
  9. 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.

    8.) 8) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1. D).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  10. 3 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
  11. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    5.) 5) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. ( See (See Rule 4.1 D).

    2 words added, 3 removed.

  12. 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.

    8.) 8) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See Rule 4.1 4.1. D).

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  13. 4 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
  14. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    5) 5.) Not hitting ball on first bounce from a single drop. (See ( See Rule 4.1 D).

    3 words added, 2 removed.

  15. 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
  16. 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
  17. 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Changed machine-reviewed

    Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.

    8) Not hitting ball Bounces. Any serve that is struck on first bounce from less than, or more than, a single drop. bounce in the service zone. (See Rule 4.1. D).

    16 words added, 7 removed.

  18. 8 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  19. 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

    Changed automatic

    Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    8) Not hitting ball Bounces. Any serve that is struck on first bounce from less than, or more than, a single drop. bounce in the service zone. (See Rule 4.1. D).

    16 words added, 7 removed.

Rule 4.3, item 10

Begins: “10) Not coming to a complete stop in the…”

  1. 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    First recorded automatic

    10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D.).
  2. January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    First recorded automatic

    10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D).
  3. 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.

    10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. serve (See Rule 4.1.D.). 4.1D).

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  4. 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball)

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.

    10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. serve (See Rule 4.1.D). 4.1D).

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  5. 5 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
    • 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
  6. 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Moved automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

    10) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve serve. (See Rule 4.1D). 4.1.D).

    2 words added, 2 removed.

  7. 10 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 12 July 2019 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
    • 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
    • 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
    • 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
    • 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
  8. 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball)

    Punctuation only automatic

    Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.

    10) 10.) Not coming to a complete stop in the service zone before beginning the serve. (See Rule 4.1.D).

    1 word added, 1 removed.

  9. 8 more rulebooks with the same words
    • 27 November 2022 American four-wall Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
    • 17 January 2024 American four-wall Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
    • 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
    • 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook (American one-wall, small ball) Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
    • 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule

All rules: clause history. The family tree is at Rulebooks.