Clause history · American one-wall, small ball

Rule 4.9 Technicals: how the wording changed

48 rulebooks state this rule, from 20 June 1990 to 26 January 2025. The wording was reworded or changed 27 times.

How to read this page

Added words are underlined and sit inside [+ +].
~~Removed words~~ are struck through and sit inside [- -].
Each rulebook says in words what kind of change it is: unchanged (same wording as the rulebook it was compared with); punctuation only (only punctuation, spacing or capitals differ); moved (same wording, in another place or under another number); reworded (the sense is the same, said in other words); changed (the rule now says something different).
A program matched each clause with the one before it. Automatic matches were made by the program alone; machine-reviewed ones were also checked by a second program. A person has not checked either, so a wrong match is possible.

Rulebook by rulebook

The table has one row per rulebook; each date jumps to its wording below.

Every rulebook this rule appears in, in date order, with the kinds of change found
Date	Rulebook	Clauses, by kind of change
20 June 1990	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990	15 first recorded
14 October 1994	USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994	15 first recorded
31 January 1999	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 31 January 1999	11 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 changed
31 January 1999	American four-wall, 31 January 1999	1 first recorded, 10 unchanged, 3 punctuation only, 1 moved, 1 changed
2000	USHA One-Wall Rules, 2000	1 first recorded, 13 unchanged, 1 moved, 1 changed
9 March 2001	USHA One-Wall Rules, March 2001	16 unchanged
7 October 2001	USHA One-Wall Rules, 7 October 2001	16 unchanged
8 April 2002	USHA One-Wall Rules, 8 April 2002	16 unchanged
20 August 2002	USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002	16 unchanged
19 January 2005	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004	16 unchanged
1 April 2005	USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005	2 unchanged, 7 punctuation only, 7 reworded
15 April 2005	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005	12 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 3 reworded
June 2006	USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006	16 unchanged
June 2006	American one-wall, small ball, June 2006	16 unchanged
June 2006	USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006	16 unchanged
May 2007	USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007	16 unchanged
13 October 2007	American three-wall, 13 October 2007	12 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 2 reworded, 1 changed
June 2008	USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008	14 unchanged, 1 punctuation only, 1 reworded
2012	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012	6 unchanged, 10 punctuation only
2014	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014	16 unchanged
January 2014	USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014	16 unchanged
6 February 2015	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015	13 unchanged, 2 punctuation only, 1 changed
6 February 2015	USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015	5 unchanged, 9 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 1 changed
6 February 2015	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015	6 unchanged, 6 punctuation only, 3 reworded, 1 changed
22 January 2017	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017	15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
22 January 2017	USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017	15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
22 January 2017	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017	15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
27 January 2019	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019	16 unchanged
27 January 2019	USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019	5 unchanged, 9 punctuation only, 1 reworded, 1 changed
12 July 2019	American four-wall, 12 July 2019	15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only
12 July 2019	American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019	16 unchanged
26 January 2020	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020	16 unchanged
26 January 2020	USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020	16 unchanged
20 September 2020	USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020	16 unchanged
21 September 2020	USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020	16 unchanged
22 January 2021	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021	16 unchanged
22 January 2021	USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021	1 first recorded, 16 unchanged
9 December 2021	USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021	16 unchanged
23 January 2022	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022	16 unchanged
23 January 2022	USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022	16 unchanged, 1 reworded
27 November 2022	American four-wall, 27 November 2022	16 unchanged
17 January 2024	American four-wall, 17 January 2024	16 unchanged
26 January 2024	USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024	16 unchanged
26 January 2024	USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024	17 unchanged
17 July 2024	American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024	17 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA Four-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025	16 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA One-Wall Rulebook, 26 January 2025	17 unchanged
26 January 2025	USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 26 January 2025	15 unchanged, 1 punctuation only

The wording

Each part of the rule is followed on its own, oldest rulebook first. Rulebooks of other codes that borrowed the wording appear in their place by date.

Rule 4.9, part 1 of 17

Begins: “A technical is assessed for un-sportsman like conduct or…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
A technical is assessed for un-sportsman like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
A technical is assessed for unsportsmanlike behavior or for improperly wearing eye protection.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A technical is assessed for ~~un-sportsman like~~ unsportsman-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
A technical is assessed for ~~un-sportsman like~~ unsportsman-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
A ~~technical~~ tec hnical is assessed for ~~unsportsmanlike behavior~~ unsportsmanlike-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
4 words added, 3 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
A ~~tec hnical~~ technical is assessed for unsportsmanlike-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsmanlike~~ unsportsman-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsmanlike-like~~ unsportsman-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike-like conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
A technical is assessed for ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike conduct or for improperly wearing eye protection.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.

Rule 4.9, part 2 of 17

Begins: “If a referee issues a technical, one point shall…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offender's score.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the offending side's score.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the ~~offending side's~~ offender's score.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
If a referee issues a technical, one point shall be deducted from the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.

Rule 4.9, part 3 of 17

Begins: “The technical has no effect on service changes or…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
The technical has no effect on service changes or sideouts.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
The technical has no effect on service changes or handouts.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
The technical has no effect on service changes or ~~handouts.~~ side outs.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
The technical has no effect on service changes or ~~side outs.~~ sideouts.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
The technical has no effect on service changes or ~~sideouts.~~ side outs.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.

Rule 4.9, part 4 of 17

Begins: “If the technical occurs between games or when the…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
If the technical occurs between games or when the offending side has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
If the technical occurs between games or when the ~~offending side~~ offender has no points, the result will be that the offender's score will be a negative one.
1 word added, 2 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score will be a negative one.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score will be a negative one.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
If the technical occurs between games or when the offender has no points, the result will be that the ~~offender's~~ offender’s score will be a negative one.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.

Rule 4.9, part 5 of 17

Begins: “Three technicals in a match will result in a…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
Three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
A side receiving three technicals in a match will result in a forfeiture.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Three technicals in a ~~match~~ match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a player or side will result in a forfeiture.
12 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
Three technicals in a ~~match~~ match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a player or side will result in a forfeiture.
12 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.
~~A side receiving three~~ Three technicals (or two for eye protection) on a side in a match will result in a forfeiture.
9 words added, 4 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
Three technicals ~~(or~~ in a match, or two for eye ~~protection)~~ protection infractions, on a ~~side in~~ singles player or a ~~match~~ doubles team will result in a forfeiture.
11 words added, 5 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a singles player or ~~side~~ a doubles team will result in a forfeiture.
4 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 16 January 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a singles player or ~~side~~ a doubles team will result in a forfeiture.
4 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2012.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
Three technicals in a match, or two for eye protection infractions, on a singles player or ~~side~~ a doubles team will result in a forfeiture.
4 words added, 1 removed.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9.A.(6): Interpretation No. 22
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 2 carried over unchanged; 1 earlier one no longer attached.
- New here Part 4, Rule 4.9 A (6): Interpretation No. 22
Read this rule in the rulebook
12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, December 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 27 November 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 17 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook
Unchanged automatic
Compared with American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.
Read this rule in the rulebook
26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
Same words as the rulebook it was compared with. Nothing to mark.
Interpretations
3 interpretations attached; 3 carried over unchanged.

Rule 4.9, item 1

Begins: “1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
1) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
1) 1.) Too frequent complaints made against the referee's judgment.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~1.)~~ 1) Too frequent complaints made against the ~~referee's~~ referee’s judgment.
2 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
1) Too frequent or excessive complaints made against the referee’s judgment.
2 words added.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~1.)~~ 1) Too frequent or excessive complaints made against the ~~referee's~~ referee’s judgment.
4 words added, 2 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~1.)~~ 1) Too frequent or excessive complaints made against the ~~referee's~~ referee’s judgment.
4 words added, 2 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Changed machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
1) 1.) Too frequent ~~or excessive~~ complaints made against the referee’s judgment.
1 word added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 2

Begins: “2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
2) Abuse of appeal privileges.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
2) 2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~2.)~~ 2) Abuse of appeal privileges.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~2.)~~ 2) Abuse of appeal privileges.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~2.)~~ 2) Abuse of appeal privileges.
1 word added, 1 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
2) 2.) Abuse of appeal privileges.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 3

Begins: “3.) Profanity.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
3.) Profanity.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
3) Profanity.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
3) 3.) Profanity.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~3.)~~ 3) Profanity.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~3.)~~ 3) Profanity.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~3.)~~ 3) Profanity.
1 word added, 1 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
3) 3.) Profanity.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 4

Begins: “4.) Excessive arguing.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
4.) Excessive arguing.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
4) Excessive arguing.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
4) 4.) Excessive arguing.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~4.)~~ 4) Excessive arguing.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~4.)~~ 4) Excessive arguing.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~4.)~~ 4) Excessive arguing.
1 word added, 1 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
4) 4.) Excessive arguing.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 5

Begins: “5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
5) 5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
7 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~5.)~~ 5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~5.)~~ 5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~5.)~~ 5) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
1 word added, 1 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
5) 5.) Threat of any nature to opponent or referee.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 6

Begins: “6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20).
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies (See Interpretation No. 20).
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between ~~rallies~~ rallies. (See Interpretation No. 20).
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between ~~rallies~~ rallies. (See Interpretation No. 20).
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
6) 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between ~~rallies (See Interpretation No. 20).~~ rallies.
2 words added, 6 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. ~~(See Interpretation No. 20).~~
4 words removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. ~~(See Interpretation No. 20).~~
4 words removed.
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~6.)~~ 6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~6.)~~ 6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~6.)~~ 6) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies. ~~(See Interpretation No. 20).~~
1 word added, 5 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
6) 6.) Excessive or hard striking, throwing or kicking of ball between rallies.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 7

Begins: “7.) Failure to properly wear eye protection.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
7.) Failure to properly wear eye protection.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
7) Failure to properly wear eye protection.
Read this rule in the rulebook
8 more rulebooks with the same words
- 31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990. Read the rule
- 31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
7) 7.) Failure to ~~properly~~ wear eye ~~protection.~~ protection properly.
3 words added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
7.) Failure to ~~properly~~ wear eye ~~protection.~~ protection properly.
2 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
7.) Failure to ~~properly~~ wear eye ~~protection.~~ protection properly.
2 words added, 2 removed.
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~7.)~~ 7) Failure to wear eye protection properly.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~7.)~~ 7) Failure to wear eye protection properly.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Reworded automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~7.)~~ 7) Failure to ~~properly~~ wear eye ~~protection.~~ protection properly.
3 words added, 3 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
7) 7.) Failure to wear eye protection properly.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 8

Begins: “8.) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts.”

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
8.) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
8) Protests lost in the absence of timeouts.
Read this rule in the rulebook
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
8) 8.) Protests lost ~~in the absence of timeouts.~~ after all timeouts have been used.
7 words added, 6 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
8.) Protests lost ~~in the absence of timeouts.~~ after all timeouts have been used.
6 words added, 5 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)
Changed automatic
Compared with American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
8.) Protests lost ~~in the absence of timeouts.~~ after all timeouts have been used.
6 words added, 5 removed.
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~8.)~~ 8) Protests lost after all timeouts have been used.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~8.)~~ 8) Protests lost after all timeouts have been used.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Changed automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~8.)~~ 8) Protests lost ~~in the absence of timeouts.~~ after all timeouts have been used.
7 words added, 6 removed.
4 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
8) 8.) Protests lost after all timeouts have been used.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item 9

Begins: “8.) Anything considered to be un-sportsman like behavior.”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
8.) Anything considered to be un-sportsman like behavior.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
8) Anything considered to be unsportsmanlike behavior.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Moved automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
~~8.)~~ 9.) Anything considered to be ~~un-sportsman like~~ unsportsman-like behavior.
2 words added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Moved automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
~~8.)~~ 9.) Anything considered to be ~~un-sportsman like~~ unsportsman-like behavior.
2 words added, 3 removed.
2000 USHA One-Wall Rules
Moved automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994.
8) 9) Anything considered to be unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
5 more rulebooks with the same words
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002.
9) 9.) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsmanlike~~ unsportsman-like behavior.
2 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 more rulebooks with the same words
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006.
9.) Anything considered ~~to be unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
~~9.)~~ 9) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
2 words added, 2 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014.
9) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsmanlike~~ unsportsman-like behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
~~9.)~~ 9) Anything considered ~~unsportsmanlike~~ to be unsportsman-like behavior.
4 words added, 2 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
~~9.)~~ 9) Anything considered to be unsportsman-like behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015.
9) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
9) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
9) Anything considered to be ~~unsportsman-like~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 1 removed.
27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.
9) 9.) Anything considered ~~to be~~ unsportsmanlike behavior.
1 word added, 3 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
19 more rulebooks with the same words
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item A

Begins: “A.Types. Some examples of actions that may result in…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
A.Types.
Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:
Interpretations
2 interpretations attached.
- New here If the opponent is hit or narrowly missed by the ball, a technical should be called.
- New here On the other hand, if it is the first offense, and the opponent was in no danger of being hit, a technical warning should be issued.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
A. Types. Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
~~A.Types.~~
A. Types. Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Punctuation only automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
~~A.Types.~~
A. Types. Some examples of actions that may result in technicals are:
2 words added, 1 removed.
44 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. Read the rule
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
- 2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007. Read the rule
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
- 6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item B

Begins: “B. Warnings. If a player's behavior is not so…”

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
First recorded automatic
B. Warnings.
If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning.
A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
Read this rule in the rulebook
14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
B. Warnings. If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Warnings.
If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning.
A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
no words changed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rules, 20 June 1990.
B. Warnings.
If a player's behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning.
A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
no words changed.
14 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2000 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 14 October 1994. Read the rule
- 9 March 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 7 October 2001 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 8 April 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 20 August 2002 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- 1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 20 August 2002. Read the rule
- 15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999. Read the rule
- June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- June 2006 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005.
- June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 1 April 2005. Read the rule
- May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, June 2006.
- 13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 31 January 1999.
- June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2006. Read the rule
2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes, May 2007.
B. Warnings. If a ~~player's~~ player’s behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
1 word added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, June 2008. Read the rule
- 6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 2014. Read the rule
6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, January 2014.
B. Warnings. If a ~~player's~~ player’s behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
1 word added, 1 removed.
6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)
Unchanged automatic
Compared with USHA Three-Wall Addendum, December 2004.
B. Warnings. If a ~~player's~~ player’s behavior is not so severe as to warrant a technical, a technical warning may be issued without a point deduction and should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the reason for a warning. A technical warning may precede the penalty of a technical but is not necessary.
1 word added, 1 removed.
24 more rulebooks with the same words
- 22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 6 February 2015. Read the rule
- 22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 6 February 2015.
- 27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017. Read the rule
- 12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 27 January 2019.
- 26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as American four-wall, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 12 July 2019. Read the rule
- 20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2020. Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, September 2020. Read the rule
- 9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021. Read the rule
- 27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022.
- 17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA One-Wall Rules, 23 January 2022. Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Four-Wall Rules, 26 January 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Same words as American one-wall, small ball, 17 July 2024. Read the rule
- 26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall) Unchanged automatic Same words as USHA Three-Wall Addendum, 22 January 2017.

Rule 4.9, item C

Begins: “C. Duplicity. If a player’s behavior is severe enough…”

22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules
First recorded automatic
C. Duplicity. If a player’s behavior is severe enough to warrant a technical, the technical may be assessed in addition to any other penalty, including an avoidable hinder.
Read this rule in the rulebook
23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules
Reworded machine-reviewed
Compared with USHA One-Wall Rules, 22 January 2021.
C. ~~Duplicity.~~ Multiple penalties. If a player’s behavior is severe enough to warrant a technical, the technical may be assessed in addition to any other penalty, including an avoidable hinder.
2 words added, 1 removed.
Read this rule in the rulebook
3 more rulebooks with the same words
- 26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules Unchanged automatic Read the rule
- 17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball Unchanged automatic
- 26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook Unchanged automatic Read the rule

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Rule 4.9, part 1 of 17

20 June 1990 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

14 October 1994 USHA One-Wall Rules

31 January 1999 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

31 January 1999 American four-wall (American four-wall)

19 January 2005 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

1 April 2005 USHA One-Wall Rules

15 April 2005 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

June 2006 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)

June 2006 American one-wall, small ball

June 2006 USHA One-Wall Rules

May 2007 USHA Four-Wall Rule Changes (American four-wall)

13 October 2007 American three-wall (American three-wall)

June 2008 USHA One-Wall Rules

2012 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

2014 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

January 2014 USHA One-Wall Rules

6 February 2015 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

6 February 2015 USHA One-Wall Addendum

6 February 2015 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

22 January 2017 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

22 January 2017 USHA One-Wall Addendum

22 January 2017 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

27 January 2019 USHA One-Wall Rules

12 July 2019 American four-wall (American four-wall)

12 July 2019 American one-wall, small ball

26 January 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

26 January 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules

20 September 2020 USHA One-Wall Rules

21 September 2020 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

22 January 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

22 January 2021 USHA One-Wall Rules

9 December 2021 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

23 January 2022 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

23 January 2022 USHA One-Wall Rules

27 November 2022 American four-wall (American four-wall)

17 January 2024 American four-wall (American four-wall)

26 January 2024 USHA Four-Wall Rules (American four-wall)

26 January 2024 USHA One-Wall Rules

17 July 2024 American one-wall, small ball

26 January 2025 USHA Four-Wall Rulebook (American four-wall)

26 January 2025 USHA One-Wall Rulebook

26 January 2025 USHA Three-Wall Addendum (American three-wall)